Spring MVC 核心流程
如今的java web开发,大致和以往我们在学校学习的SSH已经大不一样了,现在基本成熟的大公司都使用Spring MVC 快速开发WEB应用。当然小编我也是**Spring MVC**的长期实践者。
首先想和大家普及下我眼中的Spring mcv整个流程过程
Spring MVC 的 restFul风格
说实话自己用了这个久的Spring mvc 只知道他请求的链接格式是和restful风格一致的,但是并没有想过它同时也和resteasy,支持标准的JAX,接下来就带大家体会下,并且指出可能存在的坑哈
- 搭建SpringMVC框架
本系统采用的是开发工具是idea 同时使用的是springmvc +maven的方式实现的简单demo
废话不多说,先给大家看看项目结构
项目和大多是项目一样,java下放类,resources放一些配置文件和资源,webapp下存放静态资源
当然这里需要和大家强调下web.xml的配置
<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>Spring MVC Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!--配置/和/*的区别在于是否会拦截静态资源 例如.jsp-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
pom文件也有需要注意的地方,如果要支持json格式的restful,需要导入jackson的相关的包,后面再说实现原理的时候会进一步说明
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.springapp</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringWebFlow</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>SpringWebFlow</name>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
<jackson.version>2.1.4</jackson.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-module-jaxb-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.jaxrs</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-jaxrs-json-provider</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
<!-- Jackson2.2.0 版本对于 CXF2.7.3 不支持 -->
<!-- http://www.marshut.com/krrqx/fasterxml-jackson-2-2-provider-no-longer-works-with-cxf-jax-rs.pdf -->
<!-- http://cxf.547215.n5.nabble.com/Creating-input-values-on-WADL-td5728910.html -->
</dependency>
<!-- Spring WebMVC 3.1.2 用到 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>SpringWebFlow</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<includes>
<include>**/*Tests.java</include>
</includes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
最后一个需要注意的是spring的配置文件,里面需要加下mvc的自动驱动注解,不然后面有些注解没法用
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.springapp.mvc"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
最后就是Controller的代码了
package com.springapp.mvc;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String printWelcome(ModelMap model) {
model.addAttribute("message", "Hello world!");
return "hello";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "userInfo",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public Person userInfo(@RequestBody Person person){
System.out.println("人的姓名:"+person.getName()+",人的年龄"+person.getAge());
return person;
}
}
这里可以看到使用了@RequestBody 表明接受的请求会先进过消息转化器(http conversion),消息转化器根据请求过来的请求做解析,当然也可以通过consumes进行指定值解析哪种格式contest-type格式
这也是为什么需要导入上文中说的jackson的包,内部消息转化器使用的jackson的方式转化的
最后当然是用postman进行调用了哈哈