Java CookBook--Using a Bag--by Tim O'Brien 整理by博主

  Bag可以储存一个对象很多副本，并跟踪这些副本

  实例如下:

Bag bag=new HashBag();
bag.add("TEST1",100);
bag.add("TEST2",500);
int test1Count=bag.getCount("TEST1");
int test2Count = bag.getCount( "TEST2" );
System.out.println( "Counts: TEST1: " + test1Count + ", TEST2: " + test2Count );
bag.remove("TEST1",1);
bag.remove( "TEST2", 10 );
test1Count = bag.getCount( "TEST1" );
test2Count = bag.getCount( "TEST2" );
System.out.println( "Counts: TEST1: " + test1Count + ", TEST2: " + test2Count );

 结果如下：

Counts: TEST1: 100, TEST2: 500
Counts: TEST1: 99, TEST2: 490

  Bag有两种实现分别是HashBag和TreeBag，它们分别用HashMap和TreeMap来存储Bag的内容。性能上来说，一般使用HashBag为佳，而当需要保持顺序时，我们使用TreeBag。

 实例如下：使用Bag来跟踪存货清单

package com.discursive.jccook.collections.bag;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Bag;
import org.apache.commons.collections.bag.HashBag;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
public class BagExample {
Bag inventoryBag = new HashBag( );
// Define 4 Albums
Album album1 = new Album( "Radiohead", "OK Computer" );
Album album2 = new Album( "Kraftwerk", "The Man-Machine" );
Album album3 = new Album( "Charlie Parker", "Now's the Time" );
Album album4 = new Album( "ABBA", "ABBA - Gold: Greatest Hits" );
public static void main(String[] args) {
BagExample example = new BagExample( );
example.start( );
}
/** 
     * The start() method models the behavior the three customers.Each customer creates 
     * a Bag instance, shoppingBag, which holds the Album object she wishes to purchase.
     */
	private void start(){
		// Read our inventory into a Bag
		populateInventory();
		System.out.println("Inventory before Transactions");
	    printAlbums(inventoryBag);
	    printSeparator();
	   // A Customer wants to purchase 500 ABBA, 2 Radiohead, and 150 Parker
	    Bag shoppingCart1=new HashBag();
	    shoppingCart1.add(album4,500);
	    shoppingCart1.add( album3, 150 );
	    shoppingCart1.add( album1, 2 );
	    checkout(shoppingCart1,"Customer 1");
	   // Another Customer wants to purchase 600 copies of ABBA
	    Bag shoppingCart2 = new HashBag( );
	    shoppingCart2.add( album4, 600 );
	    checkout( shoppingCart2, "Customer 2" );
	    // Another Customer wants to purchase 3 copies of Kraftwerk
	    Bag shoppingCart3 = new HashBag( );
	    shoppingCart3.add( album2, 3 );
	    checkout( shoppingCart3, "Customer 3" );
	    System.out.println( "Inventory after Transactions" );
	    printAlbums( inventoryBag );   
	}
	/**
	 * Albums are stored in the inventoryBag variable, which is populated by a call to 
	 * populateInventory() method
	 */
    private void populateInventory(){
    	inventoryBag.add(album1,200);
    	inventoryBag.add(album2, 100 );
    	inventoryBag.add(album3, 500 );
    	inventoryBag.add(album4, 900 );
    }
    /**
     * The printAlbums() method demonstrates how a Bag's iterator will iterator through all of the 
     * distinct objects stored in a Bag, printing out the count for each album by calling getCount()
     * on the inventoryBag.
     * @param albumBag
     */
    private void printAlbums(Bag albumBag){
    	Set albums=albumBag.uniqueSet();
    	Iterator albumIterator=albums.iterator();
    	while(albumIterator.hasNext()){
    		Album album=(Album)albumIterator.next();
    		NumberFormat format=NumberFormat.getInstance();
    		format.setMinimumIntegerDigits(3);
    		format.setMaximumFractionDigits(0);
    		System.out.println("\t"+format.format(albumBag.getCount(album))+
    				"-"+album.getBand());
    	}
    }
    /**
     * When a customer checks out of the store, the containsAll() method is called to make
     * sure that the inventoryBag contains adequate inventory to fulfill a customer's order.
     * If a customer attempts to buy 40 copies of an album, we create a Bag with 40 instances 
     * of the Album object, and containsAll( ) will only return true if the inventoryBag contains 
     * at least 40 matching albums. Certain that the order can be fulfilled, removeAll( ) reduces
     * the number of albums in the inventoryBag by 40 and the customer's transaction is considered
     * complete.Each customer transaction is modeled by a Bag that is subtracted from the inventoryBag 
     * using the removeAll( ) method
     * @param shoppingCart
     * @param customer
     */
    private void checkout(Bag shoppingCart, String customer){
    	if(inventoryBag.containsAll((Collection)shoppingCart)){
    		inventoryBag.removeAll((Collection)shoppingCart);
    		System.out.println(customer+" purchased the following items:");
    		printAlbums(shoppingCart);
    	}else{
    		System.out.println(customer+", I'm sorry but we are unable to fill your order.");
    	}
    	printSeparator();
    }
    private void printSeparator(){
    	System.out.println(StringUtils.repeat("*", 65));
    }

结果如下：

Inventory before Transactions
	900-ABBA
	100-Kraftwerk
	500-Charlie Parker
	200-Radiohead
*****************************************************************
Customer 1 purchased the following items:
	500-ABBA
	150-Charlie Parker
	002-Radiohead
*****************************************************************
Customer 2, I'm sorry but we are unable to fill your order.
*****************************************************************
Customer 3 purchased the following items:
	003-Kraftwerk
*****************************************************************
Inventory after Transactions
	400-ABBA
	097-Kraftwerk
	350-Charlie Parker
	198-Radiohead