对于页面中的下拉框选项,使用selenium的select模块可以进行操作,并精确定位下拉选项及所有的option值。
select模块方法一共分为三个部分:option方法、选中方法、取消选中方法,下面具体看一下这三个部分
1、select模块中关于option选项的方法:
options:返回所有的option选项
all_selected_options:返回所有选中的option选项
first_selected_option:返回第一个选中的option选项
自定义一个下拉框页面aaa.html
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<select id="s">
<option value="o1" id="oo">xiaogu</option>
<option value="o2">xiaolu</option>
<option value="o3">xiaowang</option>
<option value="o4">xiaoli</option>
<option value="o5">xiaoliu</option>
</select>
</body>
</html>
代码示例定位:
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("D:\\aaa.html")
time.sleep(3)
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("s")
print(Select(elem).options)
print(Select(elem).all_selected_options)
print(Select(elem).first_selected_option)
driver.quit()
三个选项的输出分别是:
[<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="55b423e8097fe8c6e977966f751a3f3c", element="0.7058918087481432-2")>, <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="55b423e8097fe8c6e977966f751a3f3c", element="0.7058918087481432-3")>, <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="55b423e8097fe8c6e977966f751a3f3c", element="0.7058918087481432-4")>, <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="55b423e8097fe8c6e977966f751a3f3c", element="0.7058918087481432-5")>, <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="55b423e8097fe8c6e977966f751a3f3c", element="0.7058918087481432-6")>]
[<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="55b423e8097fe8c6e977966f751a3f3c", element="0.7058918087481432-2")>]
<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="55b423e8097fe8c6e977966f751a3f3c", element="0.7058918087481432-2")>
2、选中元素的方法:
select_by_value:通过value值选中元素
select_by_index:通过下标选中元素,下标从0开始
select_by_visibile_text:通过值选中元素
代码示例仅做演示使用,不考虑性能问题
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("D:\\aaa.html")
time.sleep(3)
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("s")
Select(elem).select_by_value("o2")
time.sleep(2)
Select(elem).select_by_index(2)
time.sleep(2)
Select(elem).select_by_visible_text("xiaoli")
time.sleep(2) # 由xiaogu变成xiaolu说明已经选中
driver.quit()
在执行代码时如果看到下拉框显示的选项在不停的变说明选中的选项在不停的变
3、取消选择,只有先选中以后才可以取消选中,所有示例代码如下,但是在取消选中时,前端代码需做如下改动,即在select选项中加上multiple=“multiple”,否则选中会有问题。。。在源码中如果没有multiple选项,程序会直接抛异常,四种取消选择的方法都是如此。
修改后的前端代码:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<select id="s" multiple="multiple">
<option value="o1" id="oo">xiaogu</option>
<option value="o2">xiaolu</option>
<option value="o3">xiaowang</option>
<option value="o4">xiaoli</option>
<option value="o5">xiaoliu</option>
</select>
</body>
</html>
取消选择代码:
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("D:\\aaa.html")
time.sleep(3)
elem = driver.find_element_by_id("s")
Select(elem).select_by_value("o2")
time.sleep(2)
Select(elem).select_by_index(2)
time.sleep(2)
Select(elem).select_by_visible_text("xiaoli")
time.sleep(2) # 由xiaogu变成xiaolu说明已经选中
Select(elem).deselect_by_value("o4")
Select(elem).deselect_by_index(0)
Select(elem).deselect_by_visible_text("xiaolu")
Select(elem).deselect_all()
time.sleep(2)