MYSQL主从配置_mysql 主从配置详解 basedir-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zzs183yxr_zzs/article/details/82498202

MYSQL主从配置

MYSQL主从配置

mysql

MYSQL(mysql replication),主要用于mysql的实时备份或者读写分离。

mysql主从配置解决的问题

1.避免数据库服务器宕机导致数据丢失
2.防止因为业务量大，数据多，访问量大，导致数据库无法保证服务质量

主从作用

1.实时灾备，用于故障切换
2.读写分离，提供查询服务
3备份，避免影响业务

主从复制原理

1.主库将所有写操作记录到binlog日志文件中，并生成log dump线程，log dump线程将binlog日志文件传给从库的I/O线程。
2.从库生成两个线程。一个I/O线程，一个SQL线程。
I/O线程去请求主库的binlog日志文件，并将得到的binlog日志写到relay log(中继日志)日志文件中。
SQL线程读入relay log日志，并将解析成具体的操作，实现主从的操作一致，达成最终数据一致的目的。

mysql主从复制的实现原理大致如下（来源网络）：

这里写图片描述

主从复制配置

环境说明
准备两台MYSQL服务器，一台作为主服务器，一台作为从服务器，主服务器进行写操作，从服务器进行读操作。

数据库角色	IP	应用与系统版本
主数据库	192.168.228.23	centos7
从数据库	192.168.228.30	centos7

主库的mysql安装(二进制安装)

关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@yxr ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@yxr ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@yxr ~]# setenforce 0
[root@yxr ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

安装依赖包

[root@yxr ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel

创建用户和组

[root@yxr ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@yxr ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql

下载二进制格式的mysql软件包

[root@yxr ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@yxr src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压软件至/usr/local

[root@yxr src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[root@yxr src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@yxr local]# ls
bin  games    lib    libexec                              sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share
[root@yxr local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
‘mysql’ -> ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/’
[root@yxr local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  36 Sep  7 12:12 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Sep  7 12:10 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  49 Aug 10 14:26 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Nov  5  2016 src

修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组

[root@yxr local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@yxr local]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Sep  7 12:12 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/

添加环境变量

[root@yxr local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@yxr local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 
[root@yxr local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

建立数据存放目录

[root@yxr local]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@yxr local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@yxr local]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Sep  7 12:15 data

初始化数据库

[root@yxr local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2018-09-07T04:16:21.264448Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-09-07T04:16:23.664475Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-09-07T04:16:24.124531Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-09-07T04:16:24.196085Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: c8480534-b254-11e8-b85d-000c29989243.
2018-09-07T04:16:24.199078Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-09-07T04:16:24.201714Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: tQ8v9;7Qp>iY   //临时密码

配置mysql

[root@yxr ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
‘/usr/local/include/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql/include/’
[root@yxr ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@yxr ~]# ldconfig -v

生成配置文件

[root@yxr ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF

配置服务启动脚本

[root@yxr ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld[root@yxr ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@yxr ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld

启动mysql

[root@yxr ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/yxr.err'.
. SUCCESS! 
[root@yxr ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root      15733      1  0 12:22 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql     15911  15733  5 12:22 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=yxr.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      15943  15394  0 12:22 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@yxr ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128           *:22                        *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                        *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128          :::22                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100         ::1:25                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80           :::3306                     :::*

修改密码，使用临时密码登录

[root@yxr ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('yaoxiaorong!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

从库服务器安装mysql-5.7版本，安装步骤与主库服务器相同，略。

mysql主从配置

在主库中创建几个数据库，并在其中一个数据库中创建表student,该表包含三个字段（id,nname,age)，并2往新建的student表中插入数据。

创建数据库
mysql> create database yaoxiaorong;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database yy;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database xx;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| xx                 |
| yaoxiaorong        |
| yy                 |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

进入yaoxiaorong这个数据库
mysql> use yaoxiaorong;
Database changed

创建student这张表
mysql> create table student(id int not null, name varchar(100) not null,age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

查看表是否建立成功
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------+
| Tables_in_yaoxiaorong |
+-----------------------+
| student               |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

插入数据
mysql> insert into student(id,name,age)values(1,'tom',20),(2,'jerry',23),(3,'wangqing',25),(4,'sean',28),(5,'zhangshan',26),(6,'zhangshan',20);
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 6  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看下新建的表有无内容
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye

为确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样，先全备主数据库并还原到从数据库中。


先查看主库有哪些库
[root@yxr ~]# mysql -uroot -pyaoxiaorong! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| xx                 |
| yaoxiaorong        |
| yy                 |
+--------------------+

在查看从库有哪些库
[root@arongya ~]# mysql -uroot -pyaoxiaorong! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

全备主库（全备主库时需要另开一个终端，给数据库加上读锁，避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一样）此锁表的终端必须在备份完成以后才能退出

mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

备份主库并将别备份文件传送到从库

[root@yxr ~]# mysqldump -uroot -pyaoxiaorong! --all-databases > /opt/all-201809171422.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@yxr ~]# ls /opt/
all-201809171422.sql  data
[root@yxr ~]# scp /opt/all-201809171422.sql root@192.168.228.30:/opt/
root@192.168.228.30's password: 
all-201809171422.sql                            100%  784KB   9.0MB/s   00:00

解锁主库的锁表状态，直接退出交互式界面即可

mysql > quit
Bye

在从库上恢复主库的备份并查看从库有哪些库，确保与主库一致

从库上配置
[root@arongya ~]# ls /opt/
all-201809171422.sql  data
[root@arongya ~]# mysql -uroot -pyaoxiaorong! </opt/all-201809171422.sql 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@arongya ~]# mysql -uroot -pyaoxiaorong! -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| xx                 |
| yaoxiaorong        |
| yy                 |
+--------------------+

在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用

一定要此操作，我在做的途中就是没此操作，导致I/O线程没启动

mysql> create user 'repl'@'192.168.228.30' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.228.30';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

配置主数据库

[root@yxr ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@yxr ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve

#添加以下内容
log-bin=mysql-bin   //启动binlog日志
server-id=1       //数据库服务器唯一标识符，主库的server-id值必须比从库的大

symbolic-links=0  (可不要)

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log  （可不要）

重启mysql服务

[root@yxr ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS! 
[root@yxr ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128           *:22                        *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                        *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128          :::22                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100         ::1:25                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80           :::3306                     :::*

查看主库的状态

[root@yxr ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

配置从数据库

[root@arongya ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@arongya ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve

#添加以下内容
server-id=2   //设置从库的唯一标识符，从库的server-id值必须小于主库的该值
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin   //启用中继日志relay-log
#symbolic-links=0
#log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

重启从库的mysql服务

[root@arongya ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! 
[root@arongya ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128           *:22                        *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                        *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128          :::22                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100         ::1:25                       :::*                  
LISTEN     0      80           :::3306                     :::*

配置并启动主从复制

mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.228.23',
    -> master_user='repl',
    -> master_password='123456',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=154;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.19 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看从服务器状态

mysql> mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.228.23
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
               Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000013
                Relay_Log_Pos: 367
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes  //此处必须为yse
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes   //此处必须为yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
              Relay_Log_Space: 740
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: c8480534-b254-11e8-b85d-000c29989243
             Master_Info_File: /opt/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在主服务器的student的student插入数据：

mysql> use yaoxiaorong;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into student values (7,'wangwu',20),(8,'sea',23),(9,'wangliu',34);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | wangwu    |   20 |
|  8 | sea       |   23 |
|  9 | wangliu   |   34 |
+----+-----------+------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在从数据库中查看数据是否同步：

mysql> use yaoxiaorong;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | wangwu    |   20 |
|  8 | sea       |   23 |
|  9 | wangliu   |   34 |
+----+-----------+------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)