科研作图-局部图像放大效果的python实现

前言

当图中想传达的区域太小，而在不裁剪的情况下又想要放大图中的某一部分区域，实现放大镜的效果。

比如我想放大这只大冤种狗狗的眼睛，并将放大的结果放置在图中的角落里。达到如下图所示的结果。该如何实现呢？

代码

为了能方便友友们直接上手使用，我编写了可交互式的局部放大功能的代码。大家只需要输入自己图像的路径就可以体验啦。

import cv2
import os
import numpy as np
 
img_path= r'' # 请输入自己需要放大图像的路径
    
img_name = os.path.basename(img_path)
img = cv2.imread(img_path)

def on_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN(event, x, y, flags, param):
    global img
    if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN: # 按下鼠标左键则放大所点的区域
        xy = "%d,%d" % (x, y)
        print (xy)
        length = 20 # 局部区域的边长的一半
        big_length = 200 # 放大后图像的边长
        part_left = x - length
        part_right = x + length
        part_top = y - length
        part_bottom = y + length
        height, width, _ = np.shape(img)
        if (x < width / 2) & (y < height / 2): 
            loc_left = 10
            loc_top = 10
            loc_right = loc_left + big_length
            loc_bottom = loc_top + big_length
            cv2.line(img,(part_right,part_top),(loc_right,loc_top),(0,0,0),2)
            cv2.line(img,(part_left,part_bottom),(loc_left,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
        elif (x >= width / 2) & (y < height / 2):
            loc_right = width - 10
            loc_left = loc_right - big_length
            loc_top = 10
            loc_bottom = loc_top + big_length
            cv2.line(img,(part_left,part_top),(loc_left,loc_top),(0,0,0),2)
            cv2.line(img,(part_right,part_bottom),(loc_right,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
        elif (x < width / 2) & (y >= height / 2):
            loc_left = 10
            loc_right = loc_left + big_length
            loc_bottom = height - 10
            loc_top = loc_bottom - big_length
            cv2.line(img,(part_left,part_top),(loc_left,loc_top),(0,0,0),2)
            cv2.line(img,(part_right,part_bottom),(loc_right,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
        elif (x >= width / 2) & (y >= height / 2):
            loc_bottom = height - 10
            loc_top = loc_bottom - big_length
            loc_right = width - 10
            loc_left = loc_right - big_length
            cv2.line(img,(part_right,part_top),(loc_right,loc_top),(0,0,0),2)
            cv2.line(img,(part_left,part_bottom),(loc_left,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
        
        part = img[part_top:part_bottom,part_left:part_right]
        mask = cv2.resize(part, (big_length, big_length), fx=0, fy=0, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
        img[loc_top:loc_bottom,loc_left:loc_right]=mask
        cv2.rectangle(img,(part_left,part_top),(part_right,part_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
        cv2.rectangle(img,(loc_left,loc_top),(loc_right,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
        cv2.imshow("image", img)
        
    if event == cv2.EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN: # 按下鼠标右键恢复原图
        img = cv2.imread(img_path)
        cv2.imshow("image", img)

cv2.namedWindow("image")
cv2.setMouseCallback("image", on_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN)
cv2.imshow("image", img)
         
cv2.waitKey(0)   
cv2.imwrite("image1.jpg", img)

以下是简介的版本，大家只需要修改某些参数就能实现上述功能啦。

import cv2
import os
import numpy as np
 
img_path= r'' # 请输入自己需要放大图像的路径
img = cv2.imread(img_path)
# 输入局部点的中心点的坐标以及截取的边长的一半
x = 364
y = 261 
length = 20 
part_left = x - length
part_right = x + length
part_top = y - length
part_bottom = y + length
# 输入放大后图像左上点位于原图中的位置和边长
loc_left = 10
loc_top = 10
big_length = 200
loc_right = loc_left + big_length
loc_bottom = loc_top + big_length
# 截取图像中的局部区域并放大
part = img[part_top:part_bottom,part_left:part_right]
mask = cv2.resize(part, (big_length, big_length), fx=0, fy=0, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
# 将放大后的图像放置位于指定区域
img[loc_top:loc_bottom,loc_left:loc_right]=mask
# 画一些图形引导人的视线（可选择）
cv2.rectangle(img,(part_left,part_top),(part_right,part_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
cv2.rectangle(img,(loc_left,loc_top),(loc_right,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
cv2.line(img,(part_right,part_top),(loc_right,loc_top),(0,0,0),2)
cv2.line(img,(part_left,part_bottom),(loc_left,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
# 展示结果并保存
cv2.namedWindow("image2")
cv2.imshow("image2", img)
cv2.imwrite("image3.jpg", img)
cv2.waitKey(0)

下面具体介绍一下这个代码的核心部分，方便大家后续进行魔改。
1.获取局部区域并插值放大

part = img[part_top:part_bottom,part_left:part_right]
mask = cv2.resize(part, (big_length, big_length), fx=0, fy=0, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)

2.将放大的图像放在原图中的某个位置

img[loc_top:loc_bottom,loc_left:loc_right]=mask

3.可以添加边框和线指引人的视线

cv2.rectangle(img,(part_left,part_top),(part_right,part_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
cv2.rectangle(img,(loc_left,loc_top),(loc_right,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)
cv2.line(img,(part_right,part_top),(loc_right,loc_top),(0,0,0),2)
cv2.line(img,(part_left,part_bottom),(loc_left,loc_bottom),(0,0,0),2)

应用

如果大家也是一名研究生，可以利用这些代码制作以下类型的图片。

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