一:哈夫曼编码
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
#define MAXBIT 100
#define MAXVALUE 10000
#define MAXLEAF 30
#define MAXNODE MAXLEAF*2 -1
typedef struct
{
double weight;
int parent;
int lchild;
int rchild;
char value;
} HNodeType; /* 结点结构体 */
typedef struct
{
int bit[MAXBIT];
int start;
} HCodeType; /* 编码结构体 */
HNodeType HuffNode[MAXNODE]; /* 定义一个结点结构体数组 */
HCodeType HuffCode[MAXLEAF];/* 定义一个编码结构体数组*/
/* 构造哈夫曼树 */
void HuffmanTree(HNodeType HuffNode[MAXNODE], int n) {
/* i、j: 循环变量,m1、m2:构造哈夫曼树不同过程中两个最小权值结点的权值,
x1、x2:构造哈夫曼树不同过程中两个最小权值结点在数组中的序号。*/
int i, j, x1, x2;
double m1, m2;
/* 初始化存放哈夫曼树数组 HuffNode[] 中的结点 */
for (i = 0; i < 2 * n - 1; i++)
{
HuffNode[i].weight = 0;//权值
HuffNode[i].parent = -1;
HuffNode[i].lchild = -1;
HuffNode[i].rchild = -1;
}
/* 输入 n 个叶子结点的权值 */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "Please input value and weight of leaf node " << i + 1 << endl;
cin >> HuffNode[i].value >> HuffNode[i].weight;
}
/* 构造 Huffman 树 */
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
{//执行n-1次合并
m1 = m2 = MAXVALUE;
/* m1、m2中存放两个无父结点且结点权值最小的两个结点 */
x1 = x2 = 0;
/* 找出所有结点中权值最小、无父结点的两个结点,并合并之为一棵二叉树 */
for (j = 0; j < n + i; j++)
{
if (HuffNode[j].weight < m1 && HuffNode[j].parent == -1)
{
m2 = m1;
x2 = x1;
m1 = HuffNode[j].weight;
x1 = j;
}
else if (HuffNode[j].weight < m2 && HuffNode[j].parent == -1)
{
m2 = HuffNode[j].weight;
x2 = j;
}
}
/* 设置找到的两个子结点 x1、x2 的父结点信息 */
HuffNode[x1].parent = n + i;
HuffNode[x2].parent = n + i;
HuffNode[n + i].weight = m1 + m2;
HuffNode[n + i].lchild = x1;
HuffNode[n + i].rchild = x2;
cout << "x1.weight and x2.weight in round " << i + 1 << "\t" << HuffNode[x1].weight << "\t" << HuffNode[x2].weight << endl; /* 用于测试 */
}
}
/* 哈夫曼树编码 */
void HuffmanCode(HCodeType HuffCode[MAXLEAF], int n) {
HCodeType cd; /* 定义一个临时变量来存放求解编码时的信息 */
int i, j, c, p;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cd.start = n - 1;
c = i;
p = HuffNode[c].parent;
while (p != -1)
{
if (HuffNode[p].lchild == c)
cd.bit[cd.start] = 0;
else
cd.bit[cd.start] = 1;
cd.start--; /*前移一位 */
c = p;
p = HuffNode[c].parent; /* 设置下一循环条件 */
}
/* 把叶子结点的编码信息从临时编码cd中复制出来,放入编码结构体数组 */
for (j = cd.start + 1; j < n; j++)
HuffCode[i].bit[j] = cd.bit[j];
HuffCode[i].start = cd.start;
}
}
int main()
{
int i, j, n;
cout << "Please input n:" << endl;
cin >> n;
HuffmanTree(HuffNode, n); //构造哈夫曼树
HuffmanCode(HuffCode, n); // 哈夫曼树编码
//输出已保存好的所有存在编码的哈夫曼编码
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << HuffNode[i].value << ": Huffman code is: ";
for (j = HuffCode[i].start + 1; j < n; j++)
cout << HuffCode[i].bit[j];
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}