在C++中用自己编写的类实现显示图像,并进行图像处理
第一步,新建多文档应用程序,命名为ImageProcess
第二步,新建Dib类的头文件
include”stdafx.h”
pragma once //只编译一次
class Dib
{
public:
//image data pointer
unsigned char *m_pImgData;
//image color tabel color
LPRGBQUAD m_lpColorTable;
//byte of pixel per
int m_nBitCount;
private:
//指向DIB的指针(包含BITMAP文件头BITMAP信息头和颜色表)
LPBYTE m_lpDib;
//信息头
LPBITMAPINFOHEADER m_lpBmpInfoHead;
//调色板句柄
HPALETTE m_hPalette;
//颜色表长度
int m_nColorTableLength;
public:
//不带参数的构造函数
Dib();
//带参数的构造函数
Dib(CSize size,int nBitCount,LPRGBQUAD lpColorTable,unsigned char *pImgData);
//析构函数
~Dib();
//DIB读函数
BOOL Read(LPCTSTR lpszPathName);
//DIB写函数
BOOL Write(LPCTSTR lpszPathname);
//显示函数
BOOL Draw(CDC* pDC,CPoint origin,CSize size);
//逻辑调色板生成函数
void MakePalette();
//获取DIB的尺寸(宽,高)
CSize GetDimensions();
//清理空间
void Empty();
//用新的数据替换当前的DIB
void ReplaceDib(CSize size, int nBitCount,LPRGBQUAD lpColorTable,unsigned char *pImgData);
//计算颜色表的长度
int ComputeColorTableLength(int nBitCount);
protected:
//图像宽,像素为pixel
int m_imgWidth;
//图像的高,像素为pixel
int m_imgHeight;
};
第三步,新建Dib类的.cpp文件
include “stdafx.h”
include “Dib.h”
ifdef _DEBUG
define new DEBUG_NEW
undef THIS_FILE
static char THIS_FILE[] = FILE;
endif
Dib::Dib()
{
m_lpDib=NULL;//Dib指针为空
m_lpColorTable=NULL;//颜色表指针为空
m_pImgData=NULL;//图像数据指针为空
m_lpBmpInfoHead=NULL;//图像信息头指针为空
m_hPalette=NULL;//调色板为空
}
Dib::Dib(CSize size,int nBitCount,LPRGBQUAD lpColorTable,unsigned char *pImgData)
{
//if there is no the data of bmp,we think it is a NULL ,don’t allocate the 内存
if(pImgData==NULL)
{
m_lpDib=NULL;
m_lpColorTable=NULL;
m_pImgData=NULL;
m_lpBmpInfoHead=NULL;
m_hPalette=NULL;
}
else {//if there is a BMP,allocate the RAM
//为图像的宽,高,每像素位数等成员变量赋值
m_imgWidth=size.cx;
m_imgHeight=size.cy;
m_nBitCount=nBitCount;
//根据每像素位数,计算颜色表长度
m_nColorTableLength=ComputeColorTableLength(nBitCount);
//每行像素所占字节数,必须扩展成4 的倍数
int lineByte=(m_imgWidth*nBitCount/8+3)/4*4;
//计算缓冲区的大小
int imgBufSize=m_imgHeight*lineByte;
m_lpDib=new BYTE [sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)+sizeof(RGBQUAD)*m_nColorTableLength +imgBufSize];
//填写BITMAPINFORHWADER结构
m_lpBmpInfoHead=(LPBITMAPINFOHEADER)m_lpDib;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biSize=sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biWidth=m_imgWidth;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biHeight=m_imgHeight;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biPlanes=1;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biBitCount = m_nBitCount;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biCompression = BI_RGB;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biSizeImage = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biClrUsed = m_nColorTableLength;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biClrImportant = m_nColorTableLength;
//调色板句柄初始化为空,有颜色表时,MakePalette()函数要创建新的逻辑调色板
m_hPalette = NULL;
if(m_nColorTableLength!=0){ //若有颜色表,则将颜色表拷贝进DIB的颜色表位置
//用m_lpColorTable指向DIB颜色表的起始位置
m_lpColorTable=(LPRGBQUAD)(m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
//颜色表拷贝
memcpy(m_lpColorTable,lpColorTable,
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength);
//创建逻辑调色板
MakePalette();
}
//用m_pImgData指向DIB位图数据起始位置
m_pImgData = (LPBYTE)m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)+
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength;
//拷贝图像数据进DIB位图数据区
memcpy(m_pImgData,pImgData,imgBufSize);
}
}
Dib::~Dib()
{
//释放m_lpDib所指向的内存缓冲区
if(m_lpDib != NULL)
delete [] m_lpDib;
//如果有调色板,释放调色板
if(m_hPalette != NULL)
::DeleteObject(m_hPalette);
}
BOOL Dib::Draw(CDC* pDC, CPoint origin, CSize size)
{
//旧的调色板句柄
HPALETTE hOldPal=NULL;
//如果DIB为空,则返回0
if(m_lpDib == NULL) return FALSE;
//如果DIB有调色板,则选进设备环境中
if(m_hPalette != NULL) {
hOldPal=::SelectPalette(pDC->GetSafeHdc(), m_hPalette, TRUE);
}
//设置位图伸缩模式
pDC->SetStretchBltMode(COLORONCOLOR);
//将DIB在pDC所指向的设备上进行显示
::StretchDIBits(pDC->GetSafeHdc(), origin.x, origin.y, size.cx, size.cy,
0, 0, m_lpBmpInfoHead->biWidth, m_lpBmpInfoHead->biHeight,m_pImgData,
(LPBITMAPINFO) m_lpBmpInfoHead, DIB_RGB_COLORS, SRCCOPY);
//恢复旧的调色板
if(hOldPal!=NULL)
::SelectPalette(pDC->GetSafeHdc(), hOldPal, TRUE);
//函数返回
return TRUE;
}
BOOL Dib::Read(LPCTSTR lpszPathName)
{
//读模式打开图像文件
CFile file;
if (!file.Open(lpszPathName, CFile::modeRead | CFile::shareDenyWrite))
return FALSE;
BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfh;
//清理空间
Empty();
//读取BITMAPFILEHEADER结构到变量bmfh中
int nCount=file.Read((LPVOID) &bmfh, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
/*BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfh;
try {
//清理空间
Empty();
//读取BITMAPFILEHEADER结构到变量bmfh中
int nCount=file.Read((LPVOID) &bmfh, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
//异常判断
if(nCount != sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER)) {
throw new CException;
}
if(bmfh.bfType != 0x4d42) {
throw new CException;
}*/
//为m_lpDib分配空间,读取DIB进内存
if(m_lpDib!=NULL)
delete [] m_lpDib;
m_lpDib=new BYTE[file.GetLength()-sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER)];//到达位图信息头的位置
file.Read(m_lpDib, file.GetLength()-sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
//m_lpBmpInfoHead位置为m_lpDib起始位置
m_lpBmpInfoHead = (LPBITMAPINFOHEADER)m_lpDib;//到达位图信息头
//为成员变量赋值
m_imgWidth=m_lpBmpInfoHead->biWidth;//获得图像的宽度
m_imgHeight=m_lpBmpInfoHead->biHeight;//获得图像的高度
m_nBitCount=m_lpBmpInfoHead->biBitCount; //每像素的位数
//计算颜色表长度
m_nColorTableLength=
ComputeColorTableLength(m_lpBmpInfoHead->biBitCount);//颜色表长度由biBitCount的位数决定
//生成逻辑调色板
m_hPalette = NULL;
if(m_nColorTableLength!=0){
m_lpColorTable=(LPRGBQUAD)(m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
MakePalette();
}
//m_pImgData指向DIB的位图数据起始位置
m_pImgData = (LPBYTE)m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) +
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength;//去除文件头,信息头,颜色表后,即为图像数据
/*catch(CException* pe) {
AfxMessageBox("Read error");
pe->Delete();
return FALSE;
}*/
//函数返回
return TRUE;
}
BOOL Dib::Write(LPCTSTR lpszPathName)
{
//写模式打开文件
CFile file;
if (!file.Open(lpszPathName, CFile::modeCreate | CFile::modeReadWrite
| CFile::shareExclusive))
return FALSE;
//填写文件头结构
BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfh;
bmfh.bfType = 0x4d42; // 'BM'
bmfh.bfSize = 0;
bmfh.bfReserved1 = bmfh.bfReserved2 = 0;
bmfh.bfOffBits = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) +
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength;
try {
//文件头结构写进文件
file.Write((LPVOID) &bmfh, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER));
//文件信息头结构写进文件
file.Write(m_lpBmpInfoHead, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
//如果有颜色表的话,颜色表写进文件
if(m_nColorTableLength!=0)
file.Write(m_lpColorTable, sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength);
//位图数据写进文件
int imgBufSize=(m_imgWidth*m_nBitCount/8+3)/4*4*m_imgHeight;
file.Write(m_pImgData, imgBufSize);
}
catch(CException* pe) {
pe->Delete();
CString stemp;
stemp="write error";
AfxMessageBox(stemp);
return FALSE;
}
//函数返回
return TRUE;
}
void Dib::ReplaceDib(CSize size, int nBitCount,
LPRGBQUAD lpColorTable,unsigned char *pImgData)
{
//释放原DIB所占空间
Empty();
//成员变量赋值
m_imgWidth=size.cx;
m_imgHeight=size.cy;
m_nBitCount=nBitCount;
//计算颜色表的长度
m_nColorTableLength=ComputeColorTableLength(nBitCount);
//每行像素所占字节数,扩展成4的倍数
int lineByte=(m_imgWidth*nBitCount/8+3)/4*4;
//位图数据的大小
int imgBufSize=m_imgHeight*lineByte;
//为m_lpDib重新分配空间,以存放新的DIB
m_lpDib=new BYTE [sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) +
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength+imgBufSize];
//填写位图信息头BITMAPINFOHEADER结构
m_lpBmpInfoHead = (LPBITMAPINFOHEADER) m_lpDib;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biWidth = m_imgWidth;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biHeight = m_imgHeight;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biPlanes = 1;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biBitCount = m_nBitCount;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biCompression = BI_RGB;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biSizeImage = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biClrUsed = m_nColorTableLength;
m_lpBmpInfoHead->biClrImportant = m_nColorTableLength;
//调色板置空
m_hPalette = NULL;
//如果有颜色表,则将颜色表拷贝至新生成的DIB,并生成调色板
if(m_nColorTableLength!=0){
m_lpColorTable=(LPRGBQUAD)(m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER));
memcpy(m_lpColorTable,lpColorTable,sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength);
MakePalette();
}
//m_pImgData指向DIB的位图数据起始位置
m_pImgData = (LPBYTE)m_lpDib+sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)+
sizeof(RGBQUAD) * m_nColorTableLength;
//将新位图数据拷贝至新的DIB中
memcpy(m_pImgData,pImgData,imgBufSize);
}
int Dib::ComputeColorTableLength(int nBitCount)
{
int colorTableLength;
switch(nBitCount) {
case 1:
colorTableLength = 2;
break;
case 4:
colorTableLength = 16;
break;
case 8:
colorTableLength = 256;
break;
case 16:
case 24:
case 32:
colorTableLength = 0;
break;
default:
ASSERT(FALSE);
}
ASSERT((colorTableLength >= 0) && (colorTableLength <= 256));
return colorTableLength;
}
/*************************************************************
* 函数名称:
* MakePalette()
*
*函数参数:
* 无
*
*返回值:
* 无
*
*说明:根据DIB的颜色表,生成一个逻辑调色板(m_hPalette),
* 该调色板在显示位图时将被选进设备环境中
*************************************************************/
void Dib::MakePalette()
{
// makes a logical palette (m_hPalette) from the DIB’s color table
// this palette will be selected and realized prior to drawing the DIB
//如果颜色表长度为0,则不生成逻辑调色板
if(m_nColorTableLength == 0)
return;
//删除旧的调色板对象
if(m_hPalette != NULL) ::DeleteObject(m_hPalette);
//申请缓冲区,生成逻辑调色板
LPLOGPALETTE pLogPal = (LPLOGPALETTE) new char[2 * sizeof(WORD) +
m_nColorTableLength * sizeof(PALETTEENTRY)];
pLogPal->palVersion = 0x300;
pLogPal->palNumEntries = m_nColorTableLength;
LPRGBQUAD m_lpDibQuad = (LPRGBQUAD) m_lpColorTable;
for(int i = 0; i < m_nColorTableLength; i++) {
pLogPal->palPalEntry[i].peRed = m_lpDibQuad->rgbRed;
pLogPal->palPalEntry[i].peGreen = m_lpDibQuad->rgbGreen;
pLogPal->palPalEntry[i].peBlue = m_lpDibQuad->rgbBlue;
pLogPal->palPalEntry[i].peFlags = 0;
m_lpDibQuad++;
}
//创建逻辑调色板
m_hPalette = ::CreatePalette(pLogPal);
//释放缓冲区
delete pLogPal;
}
- 函数名称:
- Empty()
*
*函数参数: - 无
*
*返回值: - 无
*
*说明:清理空间
*************************************************************/
void Dib::Empty()
{
//释放m_lpDib所指向的缓冲区
if(m_lpDib != NULL) {
delete [] m_lpDib;
m_lpDib=NULL;
m_lpColorTable=NULL;
m_pImgData=NULL;
m_lpBmpInfoHead=NULL;
}
//释放逻辑调色板缓冲区
if(m_hPalette != NULL){
::DeleteObject(m_hPalette);
m_hPalette = NULL;
}
}
/*************************************************************
* 函数名称:
* GetDimensions()
*
*函数参数:
* 无
*
*返回值:
* 图像的尺寸,用CSize类型表达
*
*说明:返回图像的宽和高
*************************************************************/
CSize Dib::GetDimensions()
{
if(m_lpDib == NULL) return CSize(0, 0);
return CSize(m_imgWidth, m_imgHeight);
}
将Dib的.cpp和.h文件都添加到ImageProcess中。
然后,将ImageProcess的OnDraw函数重写为
void CImageProcessView::OnDraw(CDC* pDC)
{
CImageProcessDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();//获得文档的指针
Dib *pDib=pDoc->GetPDib();//获得Dib
CSize sizeFileDib=pDib->GetDimensions();获得文档的尺寸
pDib->Draw(pDC,CPoint(0,0),sizeFileDib);//绘图
}
在ImageProcessDoc中添加函数
Public:*Dib *GetPDib()
{return &m_dib;}
定义私有成员变量
Private:
Dib m_dib;
在ImageProcessView.h文件中重写OnOpenDocument和OnsaveDocument
virtual BOOL OnOpenDocument(LPCTSTR lpszPathName);
virtual BOOL OnSaveDocument(LPCTSTR lpszPathName);
ImageProcessDoc中的OnOpenDocument和OnSaveDocument分别写为如下:
BOOL CImgProcessDoc::OnOpenDocument(LPCTSTR lpszPathName
{
if (m_dib.Read(lpszPathName) == TRUE) {
SetModifiedFlag(FALSE); // start off with unmodified 用®?户¡ì未¡ä修T改?属º?性?页°3面?
return TRUE;
}
else
return FALSE;
}
由此,就可以打开BMP图像。
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