python对比php快速入门（语言为python2.7）

 

python快速入门

 

比较方面：变量，字符串，数组，判断，循环，函数 ，命令行参数，时间，文件，数组操作，调试

Python中默认的编码格式是 ASCII 格式，在没修改编码格式时无法正确打印汉字，所以在读取中文时会报错。

解决方法为只要在文件开头加入 # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- 或者 #coding=utf-8 就行了

比较项目	php	python
变量	弱类型语言，变量可以任意代表任何类型 $age = 13; $name = "pengpeng"; $money = 150.53; $isBoy = true;   这里等号前后空格是为了整齐好看。   例子 <?php $age = 13; print $age; ?> 运行方式 php t.php	弱类型语言 counter = 100 # 赋值整型变量  miles = 1000.0 # 浮点型  name = "John" # 字符串   例子    #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- counter = 100 # 赋值整型变量 miles = 1000.0 # 浮点型 name = "John" # 字符串 print counter print miles print name   命令运行方式 python test.py
字符串及连接	$str1 = "str1"; $str2 = "str2"; $str3 = $str1.$str2; $str4 = $str1."test".$str2; print $str3."\n"; print $str4."\n";	加号（+）是字符串连接运算符，星号（*）是重复操作。如下实例： str = 'Hello World!' print str           # 输出完整字符串 print str[0]        # 输出字符串中的第一个字符 print str[2:5]      # 输出字符串中第三个至第五个之间的字符串 print str[2:]       # 输出从第三个字符开始的字符串 print str * 2       # 输出字符串两次 print str + "TEST"  # 输出连接的字符串
数组遍历	<?php $colorArr = array('red','blue','green','yellow'); foreach ($colorArr as $color){      print  $color."\n"; } ?>	list1 = ['item1', 'item2', 'item3'] for item in list1:     print(item)
哈希数组及遍历	<?php $ageArr = array('zhang'=>13,'li'=>14,'wang'=>15,'qian'=>12); foreach ($ageArr as $name => $age){      print "$name = $age\n"; } ?>	#!/usr/bin/python dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'} print "dict['Name']: ", dict['Name'] print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age']     a = {'a': '1', 'b': '2', 'c': '3'} for key in a.keys():        print(key+':'+a[key]) for value in a.values():        print(value)
json	$arr = Array('one', 'two', 'three'); echo json_encode($arr);       $json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';   var_dump(json_decode($json));	json.dumps json.dumps 用于将 Python 对象编码成 JSON 字符串。     #!/usr/bin/python import json   data = [ { 'a' : 1, 'b' : 2, 'c' : 3, 'd' : 4, 'e' : 5 } ]   jsonObj = json.dumps(data) print jsonObj ==================================================================== json.loads json.loads 用于解码 JSON 数据。该函数返回 Python 字段的数据类型。   #!/usr/bin/python import json   jsonData = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';   text = json.loads(jsonData) print text
条件判断	<?php $user=`whoami`; if($user != "work" || ! isset($argv[1]) ) {         echo "必须是work账户，同时为./release.sh snake 或者 ./release.sh hornbill";             exit ; } else {     echo "no problem"; }   ?>	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # 例2：elif用法 num = 5      if num == 3:            # 判断num的值     print 'boss'         elif num == 2:     print 'user' elif num == 1:     print 'worker' elif num < 0:           # 值小于零时输出     print 'error' else:     print 'roadman'     # 条件均不成立时输出
case	case $1 in     "snake")         back_snake;         snake;         reduction_snakenx;         other_snake;         virus_restart;     ;;     "hornbill")         back_hornbill;         hornbill; #        hornbill_min; #        hornbill_restart;         reduction_nx;         other_hornbill;         hornbill_restart_again;     ;;     "backup")         back_snake;         back_hornbill;         hornbill_restart;         exit;     ;;     *)         echo NULL;     ;; esac   希望函数 back_snake 往后变为 backSnake	无
循环	<?php for($i=0;$i<10;$i++) {      print $i."\n"; } ?>	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- for letter in 'Python':     # 第一个实例    print '当前字母 :', letter fruits = ['banana', 'apple',  'mango'] for fruit in fruits:        # 第二个实例    print '当前水果 :', fruit
函数定义   或 方法定义	<?php header ( "Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8" ); function send_content_mail($maillist, $subject, $content) {      $headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0" . "\r\n";      $headers .= "Content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8" . "\r\n";      $headers .= 'From: stat@meilishuo.com' . "\r\n";      $subject = "=?UTF-8?B?" . base64_encode($subject) . "?=";      $content.="<center>如有疑问，咨询管理员曾文杰wenjiezeng@meilishuo.com</center";       mail($maillist, $subject, $content, $headers); }   send_content_mail("wenjiezeng@meilishuo.com", "test", "testMail"); ?>	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # 定义函数 def printme( str ):    "打印任何传入的字符串"    print str;    return; # 调用函数 printme("我要调用用户自定义函数!"); printme("再次调用同一函数");
命令行参数	$argv <?php     print_r($argv); ?>   php t.php 1 2 3 Array (     [0] => t.php     [1] => 1     [2] => 2     [3] => 3 )	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-   import sys fileName = sys.argv[0] print '参数个数为:', len(sys.argv), '个参数。' print '参数列表:', str(sys.argv) print '文件:', fileName
时间处理	date_default_timezone_set('PRC'); $today = date("Y-m-d",time()); $yesterday =  date("Y-m-d",time()-86400); $yesterday = date("Ymd",strtotime("-1 day"));	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import datetime today = datetime.date.today() print today.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")   def getYesterday():     today=datetime.date.today()     oneday=datetime.timedelta(days=1)     yesterday=today-oneday       return yesterday yesterday = getYesterday() print yesterday.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
小文件 切行处理	$cc = file_get_contents($file); $tmpArr = preg_split('/\r|\n/',$cc,-1,PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY); foreach($tmpArr as $line) {      //do with $line }	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import re file_object = open('thefile.txt') try:      all_the_text = file_object.read( )      ##print all_the_text      lines = re.split( '\r|\n', all_the_text)      for item in lines:           print("line="+item) finally:      file_object.close( )
大文件逐行	<?php $handle = @fopen("/tmp/inputfile.txt", "r"); if ($handle) {     while (!feof($handle)) {         $buffer = fgets($handle, 4096);         echo $buffer;     }     fclose($handle); } ?>	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import re f = open("thefile.txt")               # 返回一个文件对象 line = f.readline()               # 调用文件的 readline()方法 while line:     print line,                   # 后面跟 ',' 将忽略换行符       line = f.readline()           #再读取一行 f.close()
数组函数	arsort()  asort() count() krsort() ksort()	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- ls = list([5, 2, 3, 1, 4]) new_ls = sorted(ls) print(new_ls)
调试函数	var_dump()  print_r()	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- def dump(obj):   '''return a printable representation of an object for debugging'''   newobj=obj   if '__dict__' in dir(obj):     newobj=obj.__dict__     if ' object at ' in str(obj) and not newobj.has_key('__type__'):       newobj['__type__']=str(obj)     for attr in newobj:       newobj[attr]=dump(newobj[attr])   return newobj ls = list([5, 2, 3, 1, 4]) obj=dump(ls) print(dump(obj))
字符替换	$file = preg_replace('/\.less$/','.css',$file);	1用字符串本身的replace方法:   a = 'hello word' b = a.replace('word','python') print b 2用正则表达式来完成替换:    import re a = 'hello word' b =  re.sub('word','python', a) print b
发送邮件	mail	#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.header import Header sender = 'from@runoob.com' receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱 # 三个参数：第一个为文本内容，第二个 plain 设置文本格式，第三个 utf-8 设置编码 message = MIMEText('Python 邮件发送测试...', 'plain', 'utf-8') message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')   # 发送者 message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')        # 接收者 subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试' message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') try:     smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')     smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())     print "邮件发送成功" except smtplib.SMTPException:     print "Error: 无法发送邮件"