OpenSceneGraph实现的NeHe OpenGL教程 - 第四十一课

• 简介

这节课也是在场景中添加雾效的效果，与之类似的是第十六课，所不同的是这节课使用了雾坐标来计算雾效。为了能运行这一课，你的显卡必须支持GL_EXT_fot_coord扩展。

• 实现

这节课的实现过程比较简单，在OSG中为几何体的顶点封装好了顶点的各项属性，包括顶点坐标、顶点纹理坐标、顶点颜色，当然也包括本课中的雾坐标。

首先我们还是添加顶点的各项数据：

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1.     osg::Geode *geode = new osg::Geode;  
2.     osg::Geometry *geometry = new osg::Geometry;  
3.     osg::Vec3Array *vertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
4.     osg::FloatArray *fogArray = new osg::FloatArray;  
5.     osg::Vec2Array *textureArray = new osg::Vec2Array;  
6.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,-2.5f,-15.0f));  
7.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,-2.5f,-15.0f));  
8.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,2.5f,-15.0f));  
9.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,2.5f,-15.0f));  
10.         textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));  
11.         textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));  
12.         textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 1.0f));  
13.         textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 1.0f));  
14.         fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
15.         fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
16.         fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
17.         fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
18.         ......  

接着读取纹理：

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1. osg::Texture2D *texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;  
2. texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
3. texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
4. texture2D->setImage(osgDB::readImageFile("Data/Wall.bmp"));  
5. geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture2D);  

启用雾效特效：

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1. osg::Fog *fog = new osg::Fog;  
2. fog->setMode(osg::Fog::LINEAR);  
3. fog->setColor(osg::Vec4(fogColor[0], fogColor[1],fogColor[2],fogColor[3]));  
4. fog->setStart(0.0f);  
5. fog->setEnd(1.0f);  
6. fog->setFogCoordinateSource(osg::Fog::FOG_COORDINATE);  

编译运行程序：

附：本课源码（源码中可能存在错误和不足，仅供参考）

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1. #include "../osgNeHe.h"  
2.   
3. #include <QtCore/QTimer>  
4. #include <QtGui/QApplication>  
5. #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>  
6.   
7. #include <osgViewer/Viewer>  
8. #include <osgDB/ReadFile>  
9. #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>  
10.   
11. #include <osg/MatrixTransform>  
12. #include <osg/Texture2D>  
13. #include <osg/Fog>  
14.   
15.   
16. GLfloat fogColor[4] = {0.6f, 0.3f, 0.0f, 1.0f};  
17.   
18. osg::MatrixTransform *g_Trans = NULL;  
19.   
20. class ManipulatorSceneHandler : public osgGA::GUIEventHandler  
21. {  
22. public:  
23.     ManipulatorSceneHandler()  
24.     {  
25.     }  
26.   
27. public:  
28.     virtual bool handle(const osgGA::GUIEventAdapter& ea, osgGA::GUIActionAdapter& aa)  
29.     {  
30.         osgViewer::Viewer *viewer = dynamic_cast<osgViewer::Viewer*>(&aa);  
31.         if (!viewer)  
32.             return false;  
33.         if (!viewer->getSceneData())  
34.             return false;  
35.         if (ea.getHandled())   
36.             return false;  
37.   
38.         switch (ea.getEventType())  
39.         {  
40.         case(osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEYDOWN):  
41.             {  
42.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Up)  
43.                 {  
44.                     if (!g_Trans)  
45.                         return false;  
46.   
47.                     osg::Vec3 trans = g_Trans->getMatrix().getTrans();  
48.                     if(trans.z() < 14.0f)  
49.                         trans += osg::Vec3(0,0,1);  
50.   
51.                     g_Trans->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(trans));  
52.                 }  
53.   
54.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Down)  
55.                 {  
56.                     if (!g_Trans)  
57.                         return false;  
58.   
59.                     osg::Vec3 trans = g_Trans->getMatrix().getTrans();  
60.                     if(trans.z() >-19.0f)  
61.                         trans -= osg::Vec3(0,0,1);  
62.   
63.                     g_Trans->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(trans));  
64.                 }  
65.             }  
66.             break;  
67.   
68.         default: break;  
69.         }  
70.         return false;  
71.         }  
72. };  
73.   
74.   
75.   
76.   
77.   
78. class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer  
79. {  
80. public:  
81.     ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)  
82.     {  
83.         QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);  
84.   
85.         QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;  
86.         layout->addWidget(renderWidget);  
87.         layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);  
88.         setLayout( layout );  
89.   
90.         connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );  
91.         _timer.start( 10 );  
92.     }  
93.   
94.     QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )  
95.     {  
96.         osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();  
97.         camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );  
98.   
99.         const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();  
100.   
101.         camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5) );  
102.         camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );  
103.         camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );  
104.         camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, -1), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));  
105.   
106.         this->setSceneData( scene );  
107.         this->addEventHandler(new ManipulatorSceneHandler);  
108.         return gw->getGLWidget();  
109.     }  
110.   
111.     osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )  
112.     {  
113.         osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();  
114.         osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;  
115.         traits->windowName = name;  
116.         traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;  
117.         traits->x = x;  
118.         traits->y = y;  
119.         traits->width = w;  
120.         traits->height = h;  
121.         traits->doubleBuffer = true;  
122.         traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();  
123.         traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();  
124.         traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();  
125.         traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();  
126.   
127.         return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());  
128.     }  
129.   
130.     virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )  
131.     {   
132.         frame();   
133.     }  
134.   
135. protected:  
136.   
137.     QTimer _timer;  
138. };  
139.   
140.   
141.   
142. osg::Node*  buildScene()  
143. {  
144.     osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;  
145.   
146.     osg::MatrixTransform *zoomMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
147.     zoomMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(0,0,-19.0));  
148.     g_Trans = zoomMT;  
149.   
150.     osg::Geode *geode = new osg::Geode;  
151.     osg::Geometry *geometry = new osg::Geometry;  
152.     osg::Vec3Array *vertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
153.     osg::FloatArray *fogArray = new osg::FloatArray;  
154.     osg::Vec2Array *textureArray = new osg::Vec2Array;  
155.   
156.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,-2.5f,-15.0f));  
157.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,-2.5f,-15.0f));  
158.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,2.5f,-15.0f));  
159.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,2.5f,-15.0f));  
160.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));  
161.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));  
162.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 1.0f));  
163.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 1.0f));  
164.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
165.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
166.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
167.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
168.   
169.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,-2.5f,-15.0f));  
170.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,-2.5f,-15.0f));  
171.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,-2.5f,15.0f));  
172.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,-2.5f,15.0f));  
173.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));  
174.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));  
175.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 1.0f));  
176.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 1.0f));  
177.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
178.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
179.     fogArray->push_back(0.0f);  
180.     fogArray->push_back(0.0f);  
181.   
182.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,2.5f,-15.0f));  
183.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,2.5f,-15.0f));  
184.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,2.5f,15.0f));  
185.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,2.5f,15.0f));  
186.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));  
187.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));  
188.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 1.0f));  
189.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 1.0f));  
190.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
191.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
192.     fogArray->push_back(0.0f);  
193.     fogArray->push_back(0.0f);  
194.   
195.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,-2.5f,15.0f));  
196.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,2.5f,15.0f));  
197.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,2.5f,-15.0f));  
198.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(2.5f,-2.5f,-15.0f));  
199.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));  
200.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 1.0f));  
201.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 1.0f));  
202.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));  
203.     fogArray->push_back(0.0f);  
204.     fogArray->push_back(0.0f);  
205.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
206.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
207.   
208.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,-2.5f,15.0f));  
209.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,2.5f,15.0f));  
210.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,2.5f,-15.0f));  
211.     vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(-2.5f,-2.5f,-15.0f));  
212.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));  
213.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(0.0f, 1.0f));  
214.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 1.0f));  
215.     textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(1.0f, 0.0f));  
216.     fogArray->push_back(0.0f);  
217.     fogArray->push_back(0.0f);  
218.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
219.     fogArray->push_back(1.0f);  
220.   
221.     geometry->setVertexArray(vertexArray);  
222.     geometry->setTexCoordArray(0, textureArray);  
223.     geometry->setFogCoordArray(fogArray, osg::Array::BIND_PER_VERTEX);  
224.     geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
225.       
226.     osg::Texture2D *texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;  
227.     texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
228.     texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);  
229.     texture2D->setImage(osgDB::readImageFile("Data/Wall.bmp"));  
230.     geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture2D);  
231.   
232.     osg::Fog *fog = new osg::Fog;  
233.     fog->setMode(osg::Fog::LINEAR);  
234.     fog->setColor(osg::Vec4(fogColor[0], fogColor[1],fogColor[2],fogColor[3]));  
235.     fog->setStart(0.0f);  
236.     fog->setEnd(1.0f);  
237.     fog->setFogCoordinateSource(osg::Fog::FOG_COORDINATE);  
238.       
239.     geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setAttributeAndModes(fog);  
240.   
241.     geometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, 0, vertexArray->size()));  
242.     geode->addDrawable(geometry);  
243.   
244.     zoomMT->addChild(geode);  
245.     root->addChild(zoomMT);  
246.   
247.     return root;  
248. }  
249.   
250.   
251.   
252. int main( int argc, char** argv )  
253. {  
254.     QApplication app(argc, argv);  
255.     ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());  
256.     viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );  
257.     viewWidget->show();  
258.     return app.exec();  
259. }