OpenSceneGraph实现的NeHe OpenGL教程 - 第四十六课

• 简介

NeHe教程在这节课向我们介绍了OpenGL的扩展（ARB_MULTISAMPLE）多重采样技术。利用这种技术可以实现全屏反走样。这样可以使图形看起来更美观。

在OSG中多重采样是作为节点的StateSet来开启和关闭的，实现过程十分简单。

• 实现

首先添加四边形到场景中，这一过程前面已经重复很多遍了，代码如下：

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1. for(int i=-10;i<10;i++)  
2. {  
3.     for(int j=-10;j<10;j++)  
4.     {  
5.         osg::MatrixTransform *transMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
6.         transMT->addUpdateCallback(new TransCallback(i, j));  
7.         osg::MatrixTransform *rotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
8.         rotMT->addUpdateCallback(new RotCallback);  
9.         osg::Geode *geode = new osg::Geode;  
10.         osg::Geometry *geometry = new osg::Geometry;  
11.         osg::Vec3Array *vertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
12.         osg::Vec3Array *colorArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
13.         colorArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(1, 0, 0));  
14.   
15.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(i, j, 0.0));  
16.         colorArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(0, 1, 0));  
17.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(i + 2.0f,j,0.0f));  
18.         colorArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(0,0,1));  
19.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(i + 2.0f,j + 2.0f,0.0f));  
20.         colorArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(1,1,1));  
21.         vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(i,j + 2.0f,0.0f));  
22.   
23.         geometry->setVertexArray(vertexArray);  
24.         geometry->setColorArray(colorArray, osg::Array::BIND_PER_VERTEX);  
25.         geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
26.         geometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, 0, vertexArray->size()));  
27.         geode->addDrawable(geometry);  
28.   
29.         transMT->addChild(rotMT);  
30.         rotMT->addChild(geode);  
31.   
32.         root->addChild(transMT);  
33.     }  
34. }  

在创建窗口Traits的时候需要将窗口采样值设置为4，这样才能开启多重采样：

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1. traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();  
2. traits->samples = 4/*ds->getNumMultiSamples()*/;  

之后为了让这些四边形旋转和移动，在节点中添加若干的回调：

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1. class TransCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
2. {  
3. public:  
4.     TransCallback(float i, float j) : _i(i), _j(j){}  
5.   
6.     virtual void operator()(osg::Node* node, osg::NodeVisitor* nv)  
7.     {  
8.         osg::MatrixTransform *mt = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
9.         if(!mt)  
10.             return;  
11.         mt->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(_i*2.0f,_j*2.0f,-5.0f));  
12.         traverse(node, nv);  
13.     }  
14.     float _i;  
15.     float _j;  
16. };  

对节点启用多重采样：

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1. osg::Multisample *ms = new osg::Multisample;  
2. ms->setHint(osg::Multisample::NICEST);  
3. root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setAttributeAndModes(ms, osg::StateAttribute::ON | osg::StateAttribute::OVERRIDE);  

与键盘交互中切换多重采样的开启和关闭模式：

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1. if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Space)  
2. {  
3.     if(!g_Root)  
4.         return false;  
5.     static bool flag = true;  
6.     if (flag){  
7.         g_Root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_MULTISAMPLE_ARB, false);  
8.     }else{  
9.         g_Root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_MULTISAMPLE_ARB, true);  
10.     }  
11.     flag = !flag;  
12. }  

编译运行程序，可以看到在按下空格的时候四边形的边缘锯齿感有明显的变化：

附：本课源码(源码中可能存在错误和不足之处，仅供参考)

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1. #include "../osgNeHe.h"  
2.   
3. #include <QtCore/QTimer>  
4. #include <QtGui/QApplication>  
5. #include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>  
6.   
7. #include <osgViewer/Viewer>  
8. #include <osgDB/ReadFile>  
9. #include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>  
10.   
11. #include <osg/MatrixTransform>  
12. #include <osg/Multisample>  
13.   
14. osg::Group  *g_Root = NULL;  
15.   
16. class ManipulatorSceneHandler : public osgGA::GUIEventHandler  
17. {  
18. public:  
19.     ManipulatorSceneHandler()  
20.     {  
21.     }  
22.   
23. public:  
24.     virtual bool handle(const osgGA::GUIEventAdapter& ea, osgGA::GUIActionAdapter& aa)  
25.     {  
26.         osgViewer::Viewer *viewer = dynamic_cast<osgViewer::Viewer*>(&aa);  
27.         if (!viewer)  
28.             return false;  
29.         if (!viewer->getSceneData())  
30.             return false;  
31.         if (ea.getHandled())   
32.             return false;  
33.   
34.         osg::Group *root = viewer->getSceneData()->asGroup();  
35.   
36.         switch(ea.getEventType())  
37.         {  
38.   
39.         case(osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEYDOWN):  
40.             {  
41.                 if (ea.getKey() == osgGA::GUIEventAdapter::KEY_Space)  
42.                 {  
43.                     if(!g_Root)  
44.                         return false;  
45.                     static bool flag = true;  
46.                     if (flag){  
47.                         g_Root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_MULTISAMPLE_ARB, false);  
48.                     }else{  
49.                         g_Root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_MULTISAMPLE_ARB, true);  
50.                     }  
51.                     flag = !flag;  
52.                 }  
53.             }  
54.             break;  
55.   
56.         default: break;  
57.         }  
58.         return false;  
59.     }  
60. };  
61.   
62. class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer  
63. {  
64. public:  
65.     ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)  
66.     {  
67.         QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,100,100), scene);  
68.   
69.         QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;  
70.         layout->addWidget(renderWidget);  
71.         layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);  
72.         setLayout( layout );  
73.   
74.         connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );  
75.         _timer.start( 10 );  
76.     }  
77.   
78.     QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )  
79.     {  
80.         osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();  
81.         camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );  
82.   
83.         const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();  
84.   
85.         camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );  
86.         camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );  
87.         camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );  
88.         camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 1), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));  
89.   
90.         this->setSceneData( scene );  
91.         this->addEventHandler(new ManipulatorSceneHandler);  
92.         return gw->getGLWidget();  
93.     }  
94.   
95.     osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )  
96.     {  
97.         osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();  
98.         osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;  
99.         traits->windowName = name;  
100.         traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;  
101.         traits->x = x;  
102.         traits->y = y;  
103.         traits->width = w;  
104.         traits->height = h;  
105.         traits->doubleBuffer = true;  
106.         traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();  
107.         traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();  
108.         traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();  
109.         traits->samples = 4/*ds->getNumMultiSamples()*/;  
110.   
111.         return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());  
112.     }  
113.   
114.     virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )  
115.     {   
116.         frame();   
117.     }  
118.   
119. protected:  
120.   
121.     QTimer _timer;  
122. };  
123.   
124.   
125. class TransCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
126. {  
127. public:  
128.     TransCallback(float i, float j) : _i(i), _j(j){}  
129.   
130.     virtual void operator()(osg::Node* node, osg::NodeVisitor* nv)  
131.     {  
132.         osg::MatrixTransform *mt = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
133.         if(!mt)  
134.             return;  
135.         mt->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(_i*2.0f,_j*2.0f,-5.0f));  
136.         traverse(node, nv);  
137.     }  
138.     float _i;  
139.     float _j;  
140. };  
141.   
142.   
143. class RotCallback : public osg::NodeCallback  
144. {  
145. public:  
146.       
147.     virtual void operator()(osg::Node* node, osg::NodeVisitor* nv)  
148.     {  
149.         static float angle = 0.0;  
150.   
151.         osg::MatrixTransform *mt = dynamic_cast<osg::MatrixTransform*>(node);  
152.         if(!mt)  
153.             return;  
154.   
155.         mt->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::rotate(angle, osg::Z_AXIS));  
156.         angle += osg::DegreesToRadians(0.001f);  
157.   
158.         traverse(node, nv);  
159.     }  
160.   
161.   
162. };  
163.   
164.   
165.   
166. osg::Node*  buildScene()  
167. {  
168.     osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;  
169.     g_Root = root;  
170.     osg::Multisample *ms = new osg::Multisample;  
171.     ms->setHint(osg::Multisample::NICEST);  
172.     root->getOrCreateStateSet()->setAttributeAndModes(ms, osg::StateAttribute::ON | osg::StateAttribute::OVERRIDE);  
173.   
174.     for(int i=-10;i<10;i++)  
175.     {  
176.         for(int j=-10;j<10;j++)  
177.         {  
178.             osg::MatrixTransform *transMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
179.             transMT->addUpdateCallback(new TransCallback(i, j));  
180.             osg::MatrixTransform *rotMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;  
181.             rotMT->addUpdateCallback(new RotCallback);  
182.             osg::Geode *geode = new osg::Geode;  
183.             osg::Geometry *geometry = new osg::Geometry;  
184.             osg::Vec3Array *vertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
185.             osg::Vec3Array *colorArray = new osg::Vec3Array;  
186.             colorArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(1, 0, 0));  
187.   
188.             vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(i, j, 0.0));  
189.             colorArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(0, 1, 0));  
190.             vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(i + 2.0f,j,0.0f));  
191.             colorArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(0,0,1));  
192.             vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(i + 2.0f,j + 2.0f,0.0f));  
193.             colorArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(1,1,1));  
194.             vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(i,j + 2.0f,0.0f));  
195.   
196.             geometry->setVertexArray(vertexArray);  
197.             geometry->setColorArray(colorArray, osg::Array::BIND_PER_VERTEX);  
198.             geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);  
199.             geometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::QUADS, 0, vertexArray->size()));  
200.             geode->addDrawable(geometry);  
201.   
202.             transMT->addChild(rotMT);  
203.             rotMT->addChild(geode);  
204.   
205.             root->addChild(transMT);  
206.         }  
207.     }  
208.   
209.     return root;  
210. }  
211.   
212.   
213.   
214. int main( int argc, char** argv )  
215. {  
216.     QApplication app(argc, argv);  
217.     ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());  
218.     viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );  
219.     viewWidget->show();  
220.     return app.exec();  
221. }