EAP学术论文写作笔记

写作体裁

1 report

(1)  Classifyingreports:Stage1: Classificationsystem Stage2: Types and subtypes

The major ofsoftware engineering can be classified into three main areas: System Software,Information System technology and Digital and Artificial Technology.

Descriptivereports: Stages:Classification + Description

Classification:

Description:(Phases:Structure, Color, Composition, Size and Weight, Shape, Function, Property)

(2)  Compositionalreports:

Classification ofentity + Components

Atoms are theunits for elements The atom is basically composed of electrons, protons, andneutrons.

2 Explanation

(1)  Sequential

(phenomenon +explanation)

In the wetseason, huge volumes of water flow from the escarpments. When this water hitsthe flood plains it slows down and spreads out forming the wetlands. Thewetlands border the sea, however a series of sand ridges stopped sea waterflowing into the wetlands. This kept the wetland water fresh.

(2)  FactorialExplanation多个原因导致一个结果

phenomenon

explanation1-3

(3)  ConsequentialExplanation一个原因导致多个结果

Phenomenon

Consequnce1-3

3 Argument

(1)  Exposition

Preview + Thesis

Argument1-3

Summary + Recommendation

(2)  Discussion

Issue + Side (against:feel  for:consider/argue)

Side1 & Side2

Resolution


Tips

客观,书面(正式),精确

objectivity,formality,precision

客观:

1、不要过度使用第一人称

2、使用被动代替主动

3、不要使用语气太强的词,使用would等词缓和语气


书面

1、避免日常不正式的单词

2、避免缩写:contractions

3、避免rhetorical questions

4、使用正式词组,increase代替going up

5、动词放在中间不是放在句子之前或者最后


nominalization名词化


精确

不使用在口语中的多意词


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Publishing your research in an international journal is key to your success in academia. This guide is based on a study of referees' reports and letters from journal editors on reasons why papers written by non-native researchers are rejected due to problems with English usage. It draws on English-related errors from around 5000 papers written by non-native authors, 500 abstracts by PhD students, and over 1000 hours of teaching researchers how to write and present research papers. With easy-to-follow rules and tips, and with examples taken from published and unpublished papers, you will learn how to: prepare and structure a manuscript increase readability and reduce the number of mistakes you make in English by writing concisely, with no redundancy and no ambiguityplan and organize your paper, and structure each paragraph and each sentence so that the reader can easily follow the logical build-up towards various conclusionswrite a title and an abstract that will attract attention and be readdecide what to include in the various parts of the paper (Introduction, Methodology, Discussion etc) select from over 700 useful phrases highlight your claims and contributionavoid plagiarism and make it 100% clear whether you are referring to your own work or someone else’schoose the correct tenses and style (active or passive) Other books in the series: English for Presentations at International Conferences English for Academic Correspondence and Socializing English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar English for Academic Research: Grammar / Vocabulary / Writing Exercises Adrian Wallwork is the author of more than 20 ELT and EAP textbooks. He has trained several thousand PhD students and academics from 35 countries to prepare and give presentations. Since 1984 he has been revising research papers, and in 2009 he set up englishforacademics.com – a proofreading and editing service specifically for researchers.

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