JavaWeb中监听器+过滤器+拦截器区别、配置和实际应用

JavaWeb中监听器+过滤器+拦截器区别、配置和实际应用

1.前沿上一篇文章提到在web.xml中各个元素的执行顺序是这样的,context-param-->listener-->filter-->servlet; 而拦截器是在Spring MVC中配置的,如果从整个项目中看,一个servlet请求的执行过程就变成了这样context-param-->listener-->filter-->servlet-->interceptor(指的是拦截器),为什么拦截器是在servlet执行之后,因为拦截器本身就是在servlet内部的,下面把所学和所总结的用自己的描述整理出来~。另外本文的项目框架是基于上篇文章http://blog.csdn.net/Jintao_Ma/article/details/52892625 讲述的框架,下载路径:http://download.csdn.net/download/jintao_ma/9661038

2.概念

context-param:就是一些需要初始化的配置,放入context-param中,从而被监听器(这里特指org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener)监听,然后加载;

监听器(listener):就是对项目起到监听的作用,它能感知到包括request(请求域),session(会话域)和applicaiton(应用程序)的初始化和属性的变化;

过滤器(filter):就是对请求起到过滤的作用,它在监听器之后,作用在servlet之前,对请求进行过滤;

servlet:就是对request和response进行处理的容器,它在filter之后执行,servlet其中的一部分就是controller层(标记为servlet_2),还包括渲染视图层(标记为servlet_3)和进入controller之前系统的一些处理部分(servlet_1),另外我们把servlet开始的时刻标记为servlet_0,servlet结束的时刻标记为servlet_4。

拦截器(interceptor):就是对请求和返回进行拦截,它作用在servlet的内部,具体来说有三个地方:

1)servlet_1和servlet_2之间,即请求还没有到controller层

2)servlet_2和servlet_3之间,即请求走出controller层次,还没有到渲染时图层

3)servlet_3和servlet_4之间,即结束视图渲染,但是还没有到servlet的结束

它们之间的关系,可以用一张图来表示:


3.使用原则

对整个流程清楚之后,然后就是各自的使用,在使用之前应该有一个使用规则,为什么这个说,因为有些功能比如判断用户是否登录,既可以用过滤器,也可以用拦截器,用哪一个才是合理的呢?那么如果有一个原则,使用起来就会更加合理。实际上这个原则是有的:

把整个项目的流程比作一条河,那么监听器的作用就是能够听到河流里的所有声音,过滤器就是能够过滤出其中的鱼,而拦截器则是拦截其中的部分鱼,并且作标记。所以当需要监听到项目中的一些信息,并且不需要对流程做更改时,用监听器;当需要过滤掉其中的部分信息,只留一部分时,就用过滤器;当需要对其流程进行更改,做相关的记录时用拦截器。下面是具体的使用案例

本文涉及到的jsp页面:

index.jsp:

<%@ page language="java"  import="com.mycompany.mvc.listener.*" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>index.jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
this is index jsp
<!-- 这里应该填入用户名和密码 -->
<a href="/myWebApp/system/login">login</a>
<br></br>
测试servletcontext:
<%
application.setAttribute("app","app");
application.getAttribute("app");
application.removeAttribute("app");
%>
<br></br>
测试httpsession:
<%
session.setAttribute("app3","app3");
session.getAttribute("app3");
session.removeAttribute("app3");
%>
<br></br>
测试servletrequest:
<%
request.setAttribute("app3","app3");
request.getAttribute("app3");
request.removeAttribute("app3");
%>
<br></br>
当前在线人数:
<%=session.getAttribute("peopleOnLine")%>
<br></br>
HttpSessionBindingListener测试:
<%
session.setAttribute("bean",new myHttpSessionBindingListener());
session.removeAttribute("bean");
%>
</body>
</html>

login.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>main.jsp</title>
</head>

<c:set var="ctx"  value="${pageContext.request.scheme}://${pageContext.request.serverName}:${pageContext.request.serverPort}${pageContext.request.contextPath}" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="${ctx}/plugins/jquery-3.0.0/jquery-3.0.0.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
</script>

<body>
This is has login jsp
<a href="/myWebApp/system/view">view</a>
</body>
</html>

view.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>view jsp</title>
</head>
<body>
用户已经登陆,欢迎来到登陆后系统主界面
</body>
</html>

4.监听器

4.1listener具体分为八种,能够监听包括request域,session域,application域的产生,销毁和属性的变化;


具体使用,可以看之前转载一篇文章(再次感谢"孤傲苍狼",他的主页http://www.cnblogs.com/xdp-gacl/):http://blog.csdn.net/Jintao_Ma/article/details/51464124

在配置完然后我们在web.xml中诸如下面的配置即可:

<listener> <listener-class>
		com.mycompany.mvc.listener.myServletContextListener
	</listener-class>
</listener>
<listener>
	<listener-class>
		com.mycompany.mvc.listener.myServletContextAttributeListener
	</listener-class>
</listener>
4.2  listener实际应用

4.2.1 获取当前在线人数

package com.mycompany.mvc.listener;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;

public class myHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener{

	public static int peopleOnLine = 0;
	
	@Override
	public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
		System.out.println("myHttpSessionListener.sessionCreated():"+arg0);
		peopleOnLine++;
		arg0.getSession().setAttribute("peopleOnLine",peopleOnLine);
	}

	@Override
	public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent arg0) {
		System.out.println("myHttpSessionListener.sessionDestroyed():"+arg0);
		peopleOnLine--;
		arg0.getSession().setAttribute("peopleOnLine",peopleOnLine);
	}
}

在页面中就可以获取:

当前在线人数:
<%=session.getAttribute("peopleOnLine")%>

其实也可以获得历史所有在线人数,只需要把历史所有在线人数保存在文件中,然后每次项目启动读取这个文件,当前人数增加时,把历史所有人数也相应增加,项目关闭时,再保存起来。

4.2.2 在系统初始化时,获取项目绝对路径

如下,获得绝对路径后保存到系统变量System中:

	@Override
	public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContext) {
		System.out.println("myServletContextListener.contextInitialized()");
		System.setProperty("realPath", servletContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/"));
		System.out.println("myServletContextListener.contextInitialized()");
	}

5.过滤器(filter)

5.1过滤器只需要继承javax.servlet.filter即可,一般来说我们只要添加tomcat运行时环境就能够包含javax.servlet的jar包,但是eclipse在tomcat8中没有找到,实际上tomcat8中确实没有,只有通过maven来添加了:

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/servlet-api -->
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
	    <version>2.5</version>
	</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jsp-api -->
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
	    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
	    <version>2.0</version>
	</dependency>

5.2 filter的实际应用

5.2.1 请求编码转换

package com.mycompany.mvc.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class urlEncodeFilter implements Filter{
	
	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(urlEncodeFilter.class);
	Map<String,Object> paramMap = new HashMap<String,Object>(); 

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,
			FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {
		System.out.println("urlEncodeFilter doFilter..."+paramMap.get("urlEncode").toString());
		arg0.setCharacterEncoding(paramMap.get("urlEncode").toString());
		arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
		String urlEncode = arg0.getInitParameter("urlEncode");
		paramMap.put("urlEncode",urlEncode);
	}
	
}

web.xml配置:

<filter>
	<filter-name>urlEncodeFilter</filter-name>
	<filter-class>com.mycompany.mvc.filter.urlEncodeFilter</filter-class>
	<init-param>
		<param-name>urlEncode</param-name>
		<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
	</init-param>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
	<filter-name>urlEncodeFilter</filter-name>
	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

5.2.2  日志记录,比如记录所有对网站发起请求的地址

package com.mycompany.mvc.filter;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class logFilter implements Filter{

	Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(logFilter.class);
	
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,
			FilterChain arg2) throws IOException, ServletException {
		HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)arg0;
		System.out.println("logFilter doFilter servletPath:"+request.getRemoteHost());
		arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
	}
	
}

web.xml:

<filter>
	<filter-name>logFilter</filter-name>
	<filter-class>com.mycompany.mvc.filter.logFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
	<filter-name>logFilter</filter-name>
	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

5.2.3  对未登陆用户的判断

package com.mycompany.mvc.filter;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;

import com.mycompany.mvc.utils.Constant;

public class loginFilter implements Filter{
	
	private String dispatchUrl = "";
	private String excludeUrl = "";
	
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		
	}

	@Override
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2)
			throws IOException, ServletException {
		HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)arg0;
		String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
		
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		String sessionKey = (String) session.getAttribute(Constant.SESSIONKEY);
		
		/*就是登陆界面不进行过滤*/
		if(servletPath.equals(dispatchUrl) || servletPath.equals(excludeUrl)){
			arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
		}else{
			if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(sessionKey)){
				arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
			}else{
				request.getRequestDispatcher(dispatchUrl).forward(arg0, arg1);
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
		dispatchUrl = arg0.getInitParameter("dispatchUrl");
		excludeUrl = arg0.getInitParameter("excludeUrl");
	}

}

web.xml:

<filter>
	<filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
	<filter-class>com.mycompany.mvc.filter.loginFilter</filter-class>
	<init-param>
<!-- 		不进行过滤的url,因为它就是跳转到登陆界面, -->
		<param-name>excludeUrl</param-name>
		<param-value>/main</param-value>
	</init-param>
	<init-param>
<!-- 		未登录用户跳转的url -->
		<param-name>dispatchUrl</param-name>
		<param-value>/system/login</param-value>
	</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
	<filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
	<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

之所以上面的/main能够直接跳转到index这个登陆界面,是因为SpringMvc中配置了这个(上篇文章有讲述到):

<mvc:view-controller path="${adminPath}" view-name="index"/>

它的意思就是不经过controller层,直接把index放入ModelAndView,然后由渲染层进行渲染。 讲到这里,再结合上面说到的拦截器,我们发现,这个时候拦截器还是能够拦截2次的,就是视图渲染前和渲染后,但是进入controller层之前肯定拦截不到了,因为请求根本就没有进入controller。

systemAction:
package com.mycompany.system.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/system")
public class systemAction {
	
	@RequestMapping("/login")
	public ModelAndView login(HttpServletRequest request){
		ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		/*假设用户输入的用户名密码正确,则放入sessionKey中,对应的value可以
		 * 是User对象,这里以字符串"test"代替*/
		session.setAttribute("sessionKey","test");
		mv.setViewName("login");
		return mv;
	}
	
	@RequestMapping("/view")
	public ModelAndView view(HttpServletRequest request){
		ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
		mv.setViewName("view");
		return mv;
	}
	
}

Constant.java:

package com.mycompany.mvc.utils;

public class Constant {

	public static final String SESSIONKEY = "sessionKey";
	
}

6.拦截器(interceptor)

6.1 拦截器这个要详细讲述一下了,上一篇文章说到,Spring的配置文件应该扫描service层及以下,SpringMvc的配置文件应该扫描controller层; 我们在service层如果想做日志的话,可以使用spring aop特性,在spring.xml中配置aspect即可,那么如果想在controller层做日志,相应地,在SpringMvc.xml中应该怎么配置呢?

这个时候就需要拦截器,它其实也是一种aop的实现(aop本身是一种思想),而且这种实现本质上和aspect是一样的,只是做了更多的事情,我们当然可以在SpringMvc.xml中也配置aspect,不过现在有一个更好的实现,为什么不用呢。 

关于拦截器细节,可以参考这篇文章:http://elim.iteye.com/blog/1750680

6.2 拦截器的实际应用

6.2.1 可以全局做日志

package com.mycompany.mvc.interceptor;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
/**@Description
 * logInterceptor公共拦截器,做日志记录
 */
public class logInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor{

	@Override
	public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
			throws Exception {
		/*做一些清理工作*/
	}

	@Override
	public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3)
			throws Exception {
		System.out.println("logInterceptor.postHandle()---view Name:"+arg3.getViewName());
	}

	@Override
	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception {
		/*取得调用的controller方法等*/
		if(arg2 instanceof HandlerMethod){
			HandlerMethod hMethod = (HandlerMethod)arg2;
			Method method = hMethod.getMethod();
			System.out.println("logInterceptor.preHandle()--method Name:"+method.getName());
		}
		return true;
	}

}

6.2.2 记录部分调用的时间

package com.mycompany.mvc.interceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
/**@Description
 * 登陆时间拦截器,记录用户登录时间
 * */
public class timeInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor{

	@Override
	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
			throws Exception {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
			ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
		System.out.println("timeInterceptor.postHandle()--time:"+System.currentTimeMillis());
	}

	@Override
	public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
			throws Exception {
	}

}

上述两个拦截器功能的配置如下,SpringMvc.xml:

<!-- 	拦截器配置 -->
<mvc:interceptors>
	<bean class="com.mycompany.mvc.interceptor.logInterceptor"></bean>
	<mvc:interceptor>
		<mvc:mapping path="/system/view"/>	
		<bean class="com.mycompany.mvc.interceptor.timeInterceptor"></bean>
	</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

7.总结

到此,它们之前的区别和使用就总结完了,欢迎一起学习讨论。另外,原计划关于shiro的学习和总结要搁浅一段时间^_^    未来的两个月会学习总结并发和分布式的相关一二~~

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