iOS 开发:CocoaPods 安装以及
activesupport requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2.
今天用新的Mac笔记本安装cocoa pods时出现一点问题,在此百度整理了三位大神的博客。
1. 什么是CocoaPods:
CocoaPods是OS X和iOS下的一个第三类库管理工具,通过CocoaPods工具我们可以为项目添加被称为“Pods”的依赖库(这些类库必须是CocoaPods本身所支持的),并且可以轻松管理其版本。
Cocoapods意义体现在两个方面。第一,在引入第三方库时它可以自动为我们完成各种各样的配置,包括配置编译阶段、连接器选项、甚至是ARC环境下的-fno-objc-arc配置等。第二,使用CocoaPods可以很方便地查找新的第三方库,这些类库是比较“标准的”,而不是网上随便找到的,这样可以让我们找到真正好用的类库。
接下来我们将介绍CocoaPods的使用。
2. CocoaPods的核心组件:
CocoaPods是用Ruby写的,并划分成了若干个Gem包。
CocoaPods在解析执行过程中最重要的几个包的路径分别是:CocoaPods/CocoaPods、 CocoaPods/Core和 CocoaPods/Xcodeproj。
CocoaPods / CocoaPod:这是面向用户的组件,每当执行一个pod命令时,这个组件将被激活。它包括了所有实用CocoaPods的功能,并且还能调用其他gem包来执行任务。
CocoaPods / Core:Core gem提供了与CocoaPods相关的文件(主要是podfile和podspecs)的处理。
Podfile:该文件用于配置项目所需要的第三方库,它可以被高度定制。本文中我们主要在这里做动作。
Podspec:该文件描述了一个库将怎样被添加进工程中。.podspec文件可以标识该第三方库所需要的源码文件、依赖库、编译选项,以及其他第三方库需要的配置。
CocoaPods / Xcodeproj:这个包负责处理工程文件,它能创建以及修改.xcodeproj文件和.xcworkspace文件。它也可以作为一个独立的包使用,当你要编写修改项目文件的脚本时,可以考虑使用CocoaPods/Xcodeproj。
3. 安装:
打开终端,按以下步骤操作:
1> .移除现有的Ruby :$gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
2>.使用淘宝镜像: $gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/
3>.验证当前ruby版本 : $gem sources -l (这是英文字母l)
成功后提示:
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
https://ruby.taobao.org/
4>.开始安装cocoa pods : $sudo gem install cocoa pods
activesupport requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2.
意思就是 Ruby 环境版本必须大于等于2.2.2 才能安装cocoapods.
查, ruby 的版本好像是1.9.8吧,看来是cocoapods 没骗我.接下来的工作就是升级 cocoapods 了
1>. 查询ruby的版本:$rvm list known
如果提示command not found 请先安装rvm
$curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
如果已安装会列出所有的ruby版本:
# MRI Rubies
[ruby-]1.8.6[-p420]
[ruby-]1.8.7[-head] # security released on head
[ruby-]1.9.1[-p431]
[ruby-]1.9.2[-p330]
[ruby-]1.9.3[-p551]
[ruby-]2.0.0[-p648]
[ruby-]2.1[.8]
[ruby-]2.2[.4]
[ruby-]2.3[.0]
[ruby-]2.2-head
ruby-head
# for forks use: rvm install ruby-head-<name> --url https://github.com/github/ruby.git --branch 2.2
# JRuby
jruby-1.6[.8]
jruby-1.7[.23]
jruby[-9.0.5.0]
jruby-head
# Rubinius
rbx-1[.4.3]
rbx-2.3[.0]
rbx-2.4[.1]
rbx[-2.5.8]
rbx-head
# Opal
opal
# Minimalistic ruby implementation - ISO 30170:2012
mruby[-head]
# Ruby Enterprise Edition
ree-1.8.6
ree[-1.8.7][-2012.02]
# GoRuby
goruby
# Topaz
topaz
# MagLev
maglev[-head]
maglev-1.0.0
# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
macruby-0.10
macruby-0.11
macruby[-0.12]
macruby-nightly
macruby-head
# IronRuby
ironruby[-1.1.3]
ironruby-head
说明:rvm是用来管理ruby的,ruby的其中一个“程序”叫rubygems,简称 gem,而用来管理项目 的gem的,叫bundle.完全是不同的东西,他们相同的只是都可以管理gem.所以说用这个gem --version查出来的版本是gem的。
2>. 安装ruby 2.2.2
$rvm install 2.2.2
Searching for binary rubies, this might take some time.
Found remote file https://rvm_io.global.ssl.fastly.net/binaries/osx/10.11/x86_64/ruby-2.2.2.tar.bz2
Checking requirements for osx.
About to install Homebrew, press `Enter` for default installation in `/usr/local`,
type new path if you wish custom Homebrew installation (the path needs to be writable for user)
:
点击回车:
It appears Homebrew is already installed. If your intent is to reinstall you
should do the following before running this installer again:
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/uninstall)"
The current contents of /usr/local are .git
Requirements installation failed with status: 1.
==> This script will install:
/usr/local/bin/brew
/usr/local/Library/...
/usr/local/share/doc/homebrew
/usr/local/share/man/man1/brew.1
/usr/local/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew
/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/brew
Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir /Library/Caches/Homebrew
Password: 这里需要输入电脑密码
==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod g+rwx /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown haha /Library/Caches/Homebrew
==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
remote: Counting objects: 501, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (445/445), done.
remote: Total 501 (delta 29), reused 360 (delta 27), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (501/501), 787.83 KiB | 169.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (29/29), done.
From https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
* [new branch] master -> origin/master
HEAD is now at 32f7e73 download_strategy: ensure fixed commit hash length
==> Tapping homebrew/core
Cloning into '/usr/local/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core'...
remote: Counting objects: 3714, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3598/3598), done.
remote: Total 3714 (delta 14), reused 2112 (delta 6), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (3714/3714), 2.88 MiB | 240.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (14/14), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
Checking out files: 100% (3717/3717), done.
Tapped 3591 formulae (3,740 files, 9.0M)
==> Installation successful!
==> Next steps
Run `brew help` to get started
Further documentation: https://git.io/brew-docs
==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate user behaviour analytics
Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
https://git.io/brew-analytics
Installing requirements for osx.
Updating system.....
Installing required packages: autoconf, automake, libtool, pkg-config, libyaml, readline, libksba, openssl........
Certificates in '/usr/local/etc/openssl/cert.pem' are already up to date.
Requirements installation successful.
ruby-2.2.2 - #configure
ruby-2.2.2 - #download
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 6854k 100 6854k 0 0 61342 0 0:01:54 0:01:54 --:--:-- 132k
ruby-2.2.2 - #validate archive
ruby-2.2.2 - #extract
ruby-2.2.2 - #validate binary
ruby-2.2.2 - #setup
ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2@global
ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemset /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/global.gems..............................
ruby-2.2.2 - #generating global wrappers........
ruby-2.2.2 - #gemset created /Users/haha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.2
ruby-2.2.2 - #importing gemsetfile /Users/haha/.rvm/gemsets/default.gems evaluated to empty gem list
ruby-2.2.2 - #generating default wrappers........
Updating certificates in '/etc/openssl/cert.pem'.
mkdir: /etc/openssl: Permission denied
mkdir -p "/etc/openssl" failed, retrying with sudo
haha password required for 'mkdir -p /etc/openssl':
and sudo mkdir worked
再次输入密码
3> .安装 cocoa pods:
$sudo gem install cocoapods
Fetching: nap-1.1.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed nap-1.1.0
Fetching: fourflusher-0.3.2.gem (100%)
Successfully installed fourflusher-0.3.2
Fetching: escape-0.0.4.gem (100%)
Successfully installed escape-0.0.4
Fetching: colored-1.2.gem (100%)
Successfully installed colored-1.2
Fetching: concurrent-ruby-1.0.2.gem (100%)
Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.0.2
Fetching: thread_safe-0.3.5.gem (100%)
Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.5
Fetching: tzinfo-1.2.2.gem (100%)
Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.2
Fetching: i18n-0.7.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed i18n-0.7.0
Fetching: activesupport-5.0.0.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed activesupport-5.0.0.1
Fetching: claide-1.0.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed claide-1.0.0
Fetching: xcodeproj-1.2.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed xcodeproj-1.2.0
Fetching: molinillo-0.4.5.gem (100%)
Successfully installed molinillo-0.4.5
Fetching: cocoapods-try-1.1.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-try-1.1.0
Fetching: netrc-0.7.8.gem (100%)
Successfully installed netrc-0.7.8
Fetching: cocoapods-trunk-1.0.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-trunk-1.0.0
Fetching: cocoapods-stats-1.0.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-stats-1.0.0
Fetching: cocoapods-search-1.0.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Fetching: cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Fetching: cocoapods-downloader-1.1.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-downloader-1.1.0
Fetching: cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.0.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.0
Fetching: fuzzy_match-2.0.4.gem (100%)
Successfully installed fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Fetching: cocoapods-core-1.0.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-core-1.0.1
Fetching: cocoapods-1.0.1.gem (100%)
Successfully installed cocoapods-1.0.1
Parsing documentation for nap-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for nap-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for fourflusher-0.3.2
Installing ri documentation for fourflusher-0.3.2
Parsing documentation for escape-0.0.4
Installing ri documentation for escape-0.0.4
Parsing documentation for colored-1.2
Installing ri documentation for colored-1.2
Parsing documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.0.2
Installing ri documentation for concurrent-ruby-1.0.2
Parsing documentation for thread_safe-0.3.5
Installing ri documentation for thread_safe-0.3.5
Parsing documentation for tzinfo-1.2.2
Installing ri documentation for tzinfo-1.2.2
Parsing documentation for i18n-0.7.0
Installing ri documentation for i18n-0.7.0
Parsing documentation for activesupport-5.0.0.1
Installing ri documentation for activesupport-5.0.0.1
Parsing documentation for claide-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for claide-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for xcodeproj-1.2.0
Installing ri documentation for xcodeproj-1.2.0
Parsing documentation for molinillo-0.4.5
Installing ri documentation for molinillo-0.4.5
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-try-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-try-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for netrc-0.7.8
Installing ri documentation for netrc-0.7.8
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-trunk-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-stats-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-stats-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-search-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-plugins-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.1.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-downloader-1.1.0
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.0
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-deintegrate-1.0.0
Parsing documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Installing ri documentation for fuzzy_match-2.0.4
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-core-1.0.1
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-core-1.0.1
Parsing documentation for cocoapods-1.0.1
Installing ri documentation for cocoapods-1.0.1
Done installing documentation for nap, fourflusher, escape, colored, concurrent-ruby, thread_safe, tzinfo, i18n, activesupport, claide, xcodeproj, molinillo, cocoapods-try, netrc, cocoapods-trunk, cocoapods-stats, cocoapods-search, cocoapods-plugins, cocoapods-downloader, cocoapods-deintegrate, fuzzy_match, cocoapods-core, cocoapods after 21 seconds
23 gems installed
# GoRuby
goruby
# Topaz
topaz
# MagLev
maglev[-head]
maglev-1.0.0
# Mac OS X Snow Leopard Or Newer
macruby-0.10
macruby-0.11
macruby[-0.12]
macruby-nightly
macruby-head
# IronRuby
ironruby[-1.1.3]
ironruby-head