转自:http://itech.cnblogs.com/ 作者;ITech
一 Python 提供的xml支持 2种工业标准的xml解析方法-SAX和DOM。SAX(simple API for XML),是基于事件处理的,当XML文档顺序地读入时,每次遇到一个元素会触发相应的事件处理函数来处理。DOM(Document Object Model),通过构建一个树结构来表现整个xml文档,一旦树被构建,可以通过DOM提供了接口来遍历树和提取相应的数据。
python 还提供了python独特的xml解析方法,相比于SAX和DOM更容易使用和更加快速,此方法为ElementTree。
python的xml模块为:
1)xml.dom.minidom
2)xml.elementtree
3)xml.sax + xml.dom
二 xml实例:(employees.xml)
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < employees > < employee > < name > linux </ name > < age > 30 </ age > </ employee > < employee > < name > windows </ name > < age > 20 </ age > </ employee > </ employees >
三 使用xml.dom.minidom来读写xml
1)使用xml.dom.minidom来解析xml:
def TestMiniDom(): from xml.dom import minidom doc = minidom .parse("employees.xml") # get root element: < employees /> root = doc .documentElement # get all children elements: < employee /> < employee /> employees = root .getElementsByTagName("employee") for employee in employees: print("-------------------------------------------") # element name : employee print (employee.nodeName) # element xml content : < employee > < name > windows </ name > < age > 20 </ age > </ employee > # basically equal to toprettyxml function print (employee.toxml()) nameNode = employee .getElementsByTagName("name")[0] print (nameNode.childNodes) print (nameNode.nodeName + ":" + nameNode.childNodes[0].nodeValue) ageNode = employee .getElementsByTagName("age")[0] print (ageNode.childNodes) print (ageNode.nodeName + ":" + ageNode.childNodes[0].nodeValue) print("-------------------------------------------") # children nodes : \n is one text element # [ # < DOM Text node "' \n '" > , # < DOM Element: name at 0xc9e490 > , # < DOM Text node "'\n '" > , # < DOM Element: age at 0xc9e4f0 > , # < DOM Text node "'\n '" > # ] for n in employee.childNodes: print (n) TestMiniDom()
运行结果:
------------------------------------------- employee < employee > < name > linux </ name > < age > 30 </ age > </ employee > [< DOM Text node "'linux'" > ] name:linux [< DOM Text node "'30'" > ] age:30 ------------------------------------------- < DOM Text node "' \n '" > < DOM Element: name at 0xc9f590 > < DOM Text node "'\n '" > < DOM Element: age at 0xc9f5f0 > < DOM Text node "'\n '" > ------------------------------------------- employee < employee > < name > windows </ name > < age > 20 </ age > </ employee > [< DOM Text node "'windows'" > ] name:windows [< DOM Text node "'20'" > ] age:20 ------------------------------------------- < DOM Text node "' \n '" > < DOM Element: name at 0xc9f6b0 > < DOM Text node "'\n '" > < DOM Element: age at 0xc9f710 > < DOM Text node "'\n '" >
2)使用xml.dom.minidom来生成xml:
def GenerateXml(): import xml.dom.minidom impl = xml.dom.minidom.getDOMImplementation() dom = impl.createDocument(None , 'employees' , None ) root = dom.documentElement employee = dom.createElement('employee' ) root.appendChild(employee) nameE=dom.createElement('name' ) nameT=dom.createTextNode('linux' ) nameE.appendChild(nameT) employee.appendChild(nameE) ageE=dom.createElement('age' ) ageT=dom.createTextNode('30' ) ageE.appendChild(ageT) employee.appendChild(ageE) f= open('employees2.xml' , 'w' , encoding= 'utf-8' ) dom.writexml(f, addindent=' ' , newl= '\n' ,encoding= 'utf-8' ) f.close() GenerateXml()
运行结果:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?> < employees > < employee > < name > linux </ name > < age > 30 </ age > </ employee > </ employees >
3)使用xml.dom.minidom需要注意的
*使用parse()或createDocument()返回的为DOM对象; *使用DOM的documentElement属性可以获得Root Element; *DOM为树形结构,包含许多的nodes,其中element是node的一种,可以包含子elements,textNode也是node的一种,是最终的子节点; *每个node都有nodeName,nodeValue,nodeType属性,nodeValue是结点的值,只对textNode有效。对于textNode,想得到它的文本内容可以使用: .data属性。 *nodeType是结点的类型,现在有以下:
'ATTRIBUTE_NODE''CDATA_SECTION_NODE''COMMENT_NODE''DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE'
'DOCUMENT_NODE''DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE''ELEMENT_NODE''ENTITY_NODE''ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE'
'NOTATION_NODE''PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE''TEXT_NODE' *getElementsByTagName()可以根据名字来查找子elements; *childNodes返回所有的子Nodes,其中所有的文本均为textNode,包含元素间的‘\n\r’和空格均为textNode; *writexml()时addindent=' '表示子元素的缩进,newl='\n'表示元素间的换行,encoding='utf-8'表示生成的xml的编码格式(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>)。