第一种通过遍历所有节点更新根节点(使同一连通分量指向同一点):find较快 故称这种做法为quick-find
QF.java
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdDraw;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;
public class QF {
private int[] id;
private int count;
public QF(int N)
{
id = new int[N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
id[i] = i;
count = N;
}
public boolean connect(int p,int q)
{
return find(p) == find(q);
}
public int find(int p)
{
return id[p];
}
public void union(int p,int q)
{
int l = find(p);
int r = find(q);
if (l == r) return;
for (int i = 0; i < id.length; ++i)
{
if (id[i] == l)
id[i] = r;
}
--count;
}
public int count()
{
return count;
}
// for test
public void display()
{
for (int i = 0; i < id.length; ++i)
StdOut.println(i + "--" + id[i]);
}
public void draw()
{
StdDraw.setXscale(-1,id.length + 2);
StdDraw.setYscale(-1,id.length + 2);
StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.07);
for (int i = 0; i < id.length; ++i)
{
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.GREEN);
StdDraw.point(i, id[i]);
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.RED);
StdDraw.text(i,id[i],Integer.toString(i)+ "--" + Integer.toString(id[i]));
}
}
}
测试结果(测试代码见后面的main.java)
第二种 通过find算法找出根节点通过连接根节点保持连通性(此时union速度提升 quick-union)
Fu.java
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdDraw;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;
public class FU {
private int[] id;
private int count;
public FU(int N)
{
id = new int[N];
for (int i = 0;i < N; ++i)
id[i] = i;
count = N;
}
public boolean connect(int p,int q)
{
return find(p) == find(q);
}
public int find(int p)
{
while (id[p] != p)
p = id[p];
return p;
}
public void union(int p,int q)
{
int l = find(p);
int r = find(q);
if (l == r) return;
id[l] = r;
--count;
}
public int count()
{
return count;
}
public void display()
{
for (int i = 0; i < id.length; ++i)
StdOut.println(i + "--" + id[i]);
}
public void draw()
{
StdDraw.setXscale(-1,id.length + 2);
StdDraw.setYscale(-1,id.length + 2);
StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.07);
for (int i = 0; i < id.length; ++i)
{
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.GREEN);
StdDraw.point(i, id[i]);
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.RED);
StdDraw.text(i,id[i],Integer.toString(i)+ "--" + Integer.toString(id[i]));
}
}
}
测试结果:
第三种 保持节点个数最小的连通分量成为较大的连通分量的子树(降低找根结点的复杂度) 即在原有的quick-union方法改进 成为 加权quick-union算法
AFU.java
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdDraw;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;
public class AUF {
private int[] id;
private int[] sd;
private int count;
public AUF(int N)
{
id = new int[N];
sd = new int[N];
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
{
id[i] = i;
sd[i] = 1;
}
count = N;
}
public boolean connect(int p,int q)
{
return find(p) == find(q);
}
public int find(int p)
{
while (id[p] != p)
p = id[p];
return p;
}
public void union(int p,int q)
{
int l = find(p);
int r = find(q);
if (sd[l] > sd[r])
{
id[r] = l;
sd[l] += sd[r];
}
else
{
id[l] = r;
sd[r] += sd[l];
}
}
public void display()
{
for (int i = 0; i < id.length; ++i)
StdOut.println(i + "--" + id[i]);
}
public void draw()
{
StdDraw.setXscale(-1,id.length + 2);
StdDraw.setYscale(-1,id.length + 2);
StdDraw.setPenRadius(0.07);
for (int i = 0; i < id.length; ++i)
{
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.GREEN);
StdDraw.point(i, id[i]);
StdDraw.setPenColor(StdDraw.RED);
StdDraw.text(i,id[i],Integer.toString(i)+ "--" + Integer.toString(id[i]));
}
}
}
测试结果:
main.java
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.In;
import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
In in = new In("test.txt");
FU fu = new FU(10);
QF qf = new QF(10);
AUF auf = new AUF(10);
while (!in.isEmpty())
{
int l = in.readInt();
int r = in.readInt();
fu.union(l, r);
qf.union(l, r);
auf.union(l, r);
}
//StdOut.println("quick- find 实例");
//qf.display();
//StdOut.println("quick- union 实例");
//fu.display();
StdOut.println("加权 quick- union 实例");
auf.display();
//qf.draw();
//fu.draw();
auf.draw();
}
}
测试数据: test.txt