Android:BLE智能硬件开发详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-05 10:30:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-05 10:30:00 发布

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分类专栏： Android 文章标签： android 蓝牙智能硬件 BLE

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Xiong_IT/article/details/60966458

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前言

前些年，智能硬件炒的挺火的，那今天，咱就来说说智能硬件那些事。BLE是智能硬件的一种通讯方式，通过BLE连接，iOS & Android手机和智能硬件就可以进行自定义的交互了。交互的体验如何，很大程度上取决于智能硬件的驱动工程师驱动写的好不好，以及App的代码质量如何。

笔者曾参与过多款BLE智能硬件的开发，许久不用，怕忘了，把自己的整理的一些知识记录与此，同时也希望能够给一些同学带来帮助。本文将尽力向读者讲清楚BLE是什么，以及在实际Android开发中该如何使用BLE。

前方高能：文章有点长，笔者经历了好几次改版，也花费了好几个月的业余时间，读者可能需要点耐心。着急的读者可直接跳转至Android如何使用BLE

BLE是个什么鬼

BLE：Bluetooth Low Energy,低功耗蓝牙。Android官方介绍如下：

Android 4.3 (API Level 18) introduces built-in platform support for Bluetooth Low Energy in the central role and provides APIs that apps can use to discover devices, query for services, and read/write characteristics. In contrast to Classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is designed to provide significantly lower power consumption. This allows Android apps to communicate with BLE devices that have low power requirements, such as proximity sensors, heart rate monitors, fitness devices, and so on.

什么意思呢？自从API18/Android4.3开始，Android开始支持低功耗蓝牙并给APP提供了一套api调用。相比传统蓝牙来说，BLE技术旨在降低蓝牙功耗。至于我们Android开发者来说，要做的就是调用这套api，和具备蓝牙的智能硬件沟通，通过蓝牙读写操控智能硬件。

BLE技术允许APP和那些有着低功耗需求的BLE设备进行通讯，这些设备包括但不限于：距离传感器设备，心跳率检测仪，健身器材等。

约定:文中提到的”外设”,”BLE外设”和”智能硬件”是等价的.请读者知悉.

角色分工

Once the phone and the activity tracker have established a connection, they start transferring GATT metadata to one another. Depending on the kind of data they transfer, one or the other might act as the server. For example, if the activity tracker wants to report sensor data to the phone, it might make sense for the activity tracker to act as the server. If the activity tracker wants to receive updates from the phone, then it might make sense for the phone to act as the server.

在Android APP和BLE外设进行交互时,他们分别扮演两个角色.这两个角色是不固定的.
GATT server:发送数据的一方.
GATT client:接收数据的一方.
当APP向外设写入数据时,APP就是server,外设就是client;当APP读取外设数据时,APP就是client.外设就是server.

主要的关键词和概念

GATT(Generic Attribute Profile )

The GATT profile is a general specification for sending and receiving short pieces of data known as “attributes” over a BLE link. All current Low Energy APPlication profiles are based on GATT.

这个是BLE通讯的基本协议,这个协议定义了BLE发送和接收一小段数据的规范,这些被传输的小段数据被称为”attributes”.

Characteristic

A characteristic contains a single value and 0-n descriptors that describe the characteristic’s value. A characteristic can be thought of as a type, analogous to a class.

博主的理解中,”Characteristic”是BLE通讯之间的沟通”搬运工”,因为这是我们从智能硬件直接读写的东西,它依附于下文的Service存在，有自己的标志码：uuid。它『分为读取BLE外设数据的Characteristic & 向BLE外设写入数据的Characteristic』。
下面章节中将用代码说话.

Service

A service is a collection of characteristics. For example, you could have a service called “Heart Rate Monitor” that includes characteristics such as “heart rate measurement.”

此Service非彼Android四大组件中的彼Service,而是BluetoothGattService.这个Service是一个characteristics的集合,它可以理解为针对某个信号的通讯线路。

Android如何使用BLE

蓝牙权限

使用BLE需要两个权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

如果你想要APP只适配具备BLE的手机,那个可以再添加一个硬件权限特性

<uses-feature android:n

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