详解Gson使用(一)简单对象转化

JSON是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。 易于人阅读和编写，同时也易于机器解析和生成(一般用于提升网络传输速率)。

在之前我写过一篇文章，《Android解析json数据》

http://blog.csdn.net/a249900679/article/details/51195505

介绍了json和用JSONObject、JSONArray解析json数据的方法，接下来几篇文章将会介绍解析json数据的更好的方法：使用Gson解析。

 

Gson是Google推出的用来解析json数据以及将对象转换成json数据的框架。可以很方便地实现json数据与对象的相互转换，还可以自定义需要序列化或反序列化的字段。

 

使用Gson需要先导入jar，我这里用到的是gson-2.3.1.jar

项目和 jar 下载地址：

Github：https://github.com/smileysx/GsonTest

Oschina：https://git.oschina.net/ysx_xx/GsonText

详解Gson使用(一)简单对象转化

http://blog.csdn.net/a249900679/article/details/51385913

详解Gson使用(二)带泛型的List转化

http://blog.csdn.net/a249900679/article/details/51386028

详解Gson使用(三)使用注解

http://blog.csdn.net/a249900679/article/details/51386509

详解Gson使用(四)Map对象转化
http://blog.csdn.net/a249900679/article/details/51386660
详解Gson使用(五)实现百度翻译功能

http://blog.csdn.net/a249900679/article/details/51386727

其中gson-2.3.1.jar在项目lib目录下

 

下面先来介绍简单对象的转换：

注意：以下所有实体类的变量名要跟json数据中的key相同

1.普通json数据对象实体类：

public class ToJsonBeanOne {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private int age;

	public ToJsonBeanOne(int id, String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "";
		resultString += "id:" + id + "\nname:" + name + "\nage:" + age + "\n";

		return resultString;
	}
}

 

可以看出来，上面对象中三个数据都是String类型，这是最简单的。

看看如何把该对象序列化：

public class ToJsonTest extends Activity {

	private TextView show;
	private Button start;
	private Gson gson;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		initData();
	}

	private void initData() {

		gson = new Gson();
		show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.showtext);
		start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
		start.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				showData();
			}
		});
	}

	private void showData() {

		String resultString = "";

		resultString = one() + "\n\n";

		show.setText(resultString);
	}

	private String one() {
		//创建对象
		ToJsonBeanOne toJsonBeanOne = new ToJsonBeanOne(1, "小熊", 21);
		//将对象转换为json数据
		return gson.toJson(toJsonBeanOne);
	}
}

结果为：

接下来看看如何把json数据转换为该对象：

public class FromJsonTest extends Activity {

	/**
	 * 显示数据的textview
	 */
	private TextView show;
	/**
	 * 按钮
	 */
	private Button start;
	/**
	 * gson
	 */
	private Gson gson;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		initData();
	}

	private void initData() {

		gson = new Gson();
		show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.showtext);
		start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
		start.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				showData();
			}
		});

	}

	private void showData() {
		String showString = "";

		showString += one();

		show.setText(showString);

	}

	private String one() {
		//这里创建个对象，是为了得到json数据，实际中json数据可能是由网络请求得到等
		ToJsonBeanOne toJsonBeanOne = new ToJsonBeanOne(1, "小熊", 21);
		String jsonString = gson.toJson(toJsonBeanOne);
	
		//将json数据转换为对象
		ToJsonBeanOne beanOne = gson.fromJson(jsonString, ToJsonBeanOne.class);

		String showString = "";
		showString += "json:" + jsonString + "\n解析结果为：\n" + beanOne.toString();

		showString += "----------------------\n";
		return showString;
	}
}

结果为：

2.带对象的对象实体类：

public class ToJsonBeanTwo {
	private String school;
	private String classroom;
	private ToJsonBeanOne toJsonBeanOne;

	public ToJsonBeanTwo(String school, String classroom,
			ToJsonBeanOne toJsonBeanOne) {
		super();
		this.school = school;
		this.classroom = classroom;
		this.toJsonBeanOne = toJsonBeanOne;
	}

	public String getSchool() {
		return school;
	}

	public String getClassroom() {
		return classroom;
	}

	public ToJsonBeanOne getToJsonBeanOne() {
		return toJsonBeanOne;
	}

	public void setSchool(String school) {
		this.school = school;
	}

	public void setClassroom(String classroom) {
		this.classroom = classroom;
	}

	public void setToJsonBeanOne(ToJsonBeanOne toJsonBeanOne) {
		this.toJsonBeanOne = toJsonBeanOne;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		String resultString = "";
		resultString += "school:" + school + "\nclassroom:" + classroom
				+ "\ntoJsonBeanOne:\nid:" + toJsonBeanOne.getId() + "\nname:"
				+ toJsonBeanOne.getName() + "\nage:" + toJsonBeanOne.getAge()
				+ "\n";
		return resultString;
	}
}

可以看出该对象中不仅有String类型数据，还有ToJsonBeanOne对象数据。

看看如何把该对象序列化：

public class ToJsonTest extends Activity {

	private TextView show;
	private Button start;
	private Gson gson;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		initData();
	}

	private void initData() {

		gson = new Gson();
		show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.showtext);
		start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
		start.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				showData();
			}
		});
	}

	private void showData() {

		String resultString = "";

		resultString += three() + "\n\n";

		show.setText(resultString);
	}

	private String three() {

		ToJsonBeanTwo toJsonBeanTwo = new ToJsonBeanTwo("华软", "软工五班",
				new ToJsonBeanOne(1, "小熊", 21));

		return gson.toJson(toJsonBeanTwo);
	}
}

结果为：

接下来看看如何把json数据转换为该对象：

public class FromJsonTest extends Activity {

	/**
	 * 显示数据的textview
	 */
	private TextView show;
	/**
	 * 按钮
	 */
	private Button start;
	/**
	 * gson
	 */
	private Gson gson;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		initData();
	}

	private void initData() {

		gson = new Gson();
		show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.showtext);
		start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
		start.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				showData();
			}
		});

	}

	private void showData() {
		String showString = "";

		showString += three();

		show.setText(showString);

	}

	private String three() {

		ToJsonBeanTwo toJsonBeanTwo = new ToJsonBeanTwo("华软", "软工五班",
				new ToJsonBeanOne(1, "小熊", 21));
		String jsonString = gson.toJson(toJsonBeanTwo);

		ToJsonBeanTwo beanTwo = gson.fromJson(jsonString, ToJsonBeanTwo.class);

		String showString = "";
		showString += "json:" + jsonString + "\n解析后的数据：\n" + beanTwo.toString();

		showString += "----------------------\n";

		return showString;
	}
}

 

结果为：

3.既带对象又带List数据的对象(相当与json数据中有数组)实体类:

public class ToJsonBeanThree {
	private String number;
	private ToJsonBeanTwo toJsonBeanTwo;
	private List<Book> books;

	public ToJsonBeanThree(String number, ToJsonBeanTwo toJsonBeanTwo,
			List<Book> books) {
		super();
		this.number = number;
		this.toJsonBeanTwo = toJsonBeanTwo;
		this.books = books;
	}

	public ToJsonBeanTwo getToJsonBeanTwo() {
		return toJsonBeanTwo;
	}

	public List<Book> getBooks() {
		return books;
	}

	public void setToJsonBeanTwo(ToJsonBeanTwo toJsonBeanTwo) {
		this.toJsonBeanTwo = toJsonBeanTwo;
	}

	public void setBooks(List<Book> books) {
		this.books = books;
	}

	public String getNumber() {
		return number;
	}

	public void setNumber(String number) {
		this.number = number;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {

		String resultString = "";
		resultString += "number:" + number + "\n";
		ToJsonBeanOne toJsonBeanOne = toJsonBeanTwo.getToJsonBeanOne();
		resultString += "toJsonBeanTwo:\nschool:" + toJsonBeanTwo.getSchool()
				+ "\nclassroom:" + toJsonBeanTwo.getClassroom() + "\n";
		resultString += "toJsonBeanOne:\nid:" + toJsonBeanOne.getId()
				+ "\nname:" + toJsonBeanOne.getName() + "\nage:"
				+ toJsonBeanOne.getAge() + "\n";
		resultString += "books:\n";

		for (int i = 0; i < books.size(); ++i) {
			resultString += "bookName:" + books.get(i).getBookName()
					+ "\nprice:" + books.get(i).getPrice() + "\n";
		}

		return resultString;
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @ClassName: Book
	 * @Description: 内部类
	 * @author smile
	 * @date 2016年5月12日 上午12:23:42
	 * 
	 */
	public static class Book {
		private String bookName;
		private float price;

		public Book(String bookName, float price) {
			super();
			this.bookName = bookName;
			this.price = price;
		}

		public String getBookName() {
			return bookName;
		}

		public float getPrice() {
			return price;
		}

		public void setBookName(String bookName) {
			this.bookName = bookName;
		}

		public void setPrice(float price) {
			this.price = price;
		}

	}
}

可以看出该对象里不仅有String类型，还有ToJsonBeanTwo对象类型，还有List<Book>类型，Book对象我写成内部类，如果有多个类共用则写成外部类，这里要注意：写成内部类要写为静态内部类，不然解析会出错。

看看如何把该对象序列化：

public class ToJsonTest extends Activity {

	private TextView show;
	private Button start;
	private Gson gson;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		initData();
	}

	private void initData() {

		gson = new Gson();
		show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.showtext);
		start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
		start.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				showData();
			}
		});
	}

	private void showData() {

		String resultString = "";

		resultString += five() + "\n\n";

		show.setText(resultString);
	}

	private String five() {

		ToJsonBeanTwo toJsonBeanTwo = new ToJsonBeanTwo("华软", "软工五班",
				new ToJsonBeanOne(1, "小熊", 21));
		List<Book> books = new ArrayList<Book>();
		for (int i = 1; i < 5; ++i) {
			books.add(new Book("第" + i + "本书", 25f * i));
		}
		ToJsonBeanThree toJsonBeanThree = new ToJsonBeanThree("1",
				toJsonBeanTwo, books);

		return gson.toJson(toJsonBeanThree);
	}
}

结果为：

可以看出对象中List数据books转换成json数据变为数组

 

接下来看看如何把json数据转换为该对象：

public class FromJsonTest extends Activity {

	/**
	 * 显示数据的textview
	 */
	private TextView show;
	/**
	 * 按钮
	 */
	private Button start;
	/**
	 * gson
	 */
	private Gson gson;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		initData();
	}

	private void initData() {

		gson = new Gson();
		show = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.showtext);
		start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);
		start.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				showData();
			}
		});

	}

	private void showData() {
		String showString = "";
		
		showString += five();

		show.setText(showString);

	}
	
	private String five() {

		ToJsonBeanTwo toJsonBeanTwo = new ToJsonBeanTwo("华软", "软工五班",
				new ToJsonBeanOne(1, "小熊", 21));
		List<Book> books = new ArrayList<Book>();
		for (int i = 1; i < 5; ++i) {
			books.add(new Book("第" + i + "本书", 25f * i));
		}
		ToJsonBeanThree toJsonBeanThree = new ToJsonBeanThree("1",
				toJsonBeanTwo, books);

		String jsonString = gson.toJson(toJsonBeanThree);

		ToJsonBeanThree beanThree = gson.fromJson(jsonString,
				ToJsonBeanThree.class);

		String showString = "";
		showString += "json:" + jsonString + "\n解析后的数据：\n"
				+ beanThree.toString();

		showString += "----------------------\n";
		return showString;
	}
}

结果为：