虚拟内存管理简单例子

说明：来自陈莉君的博客，感谢辛勤劳动，和无私奉献

 

 

环境：redhat 2.6.15

 

实现目的： 通过实验了解虚拟内存

 

 实验内容：在proc 文件系统下，我们建立一个文件，每次向这个文件写人字符时，调用相应的虚拟内存处理函数

下面为代码

 /* mtest_dump_vma_list（）：打印出当前进程的各个VMA，这个功能我们简称"listvma" mtest_find_vma()： 找出某个虚地址所在的VMA，这个功能我们简称“findvma" my_follow_page( )：根据页表，求出某个虚地址所在的物理页面，这个功能我们简称"findpage" mtest_write_val(), 在某个地址写上具体数据，这个功能我们简称“writeval". */ #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/proc_fs.h> #include <linux/string.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Fortune Cookie Kernel Module"); #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/vmalloc.h> MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); /* @如何编写代码查看自己的进程到底有哪些虚拟区？ */ static void mtest_dump_vma_list(void) { struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm; struct vm_area_struct *vma; printk("The current process is %s/n",current->comm); printk("mtest_dump_vma_list/n"); down_read(&mm->mmap_sem); for (vma = mm->mmap;vma; vma = vma->vm_next) { printk("VMA 0x%lx-0x%lx ", vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end); if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE) printk("WRITE "); if (vma->vm_flags & VM_READ) printk("READ "); if (vma->vm_flags & VM_EXEC) printk("EXEC "); printk("/n"); } up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); } /* @如果知道某个虚地址，比如，0x8049000, 又如何找到这个地址所在VMA是哪个？ */ static void mtest_find_vma(unsigned long addr) { struct vm_area_struct *vma; struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm; printk("mtest_find_vma/n"); down_read(&mm->mmap_sem); vma = find_vma(mm, addr); if (vma && addr >= vma->vm_start) { printk("found vma 0x%lx-0x%lx flag %lx for addr 0x%lx/n", vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, vma->vm_flags, addr); } else { printk("no vma found for %lx/n", addr); } up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); } /* @一个物理页在内核中用struct page来描述。 给定一个虚存区VMA和一个虚地址addr， 找出这个地址所在的物理页面page. */ static struct page * my_follow_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr) { pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pgd_t *pgd; pte_t *pte; spinlock_t *ptl; struct page *page = NULL; struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr); if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd))) { goto out; } pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr); if (pud_none(*pud) || unlikely(pud_bad(*pud))) goto out; pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr); if (pmd_none(*pmd) || unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd))) { goto out; } pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl); if (!pte) goto out; if (!pte_present(*pte)) goto unlock; page = pfn_to_page(pte_pfn(*pte)); if (!page) goto unlock; get_page(page); unlock: pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl); out: return page; } /* @ 根据页表，求出某个虚地址所在的物理页面， 这个功能我们简称"findpage" */ static void mtest_find_page(unsigned long addr) { struct vm_area_struct *vma; struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm; unsigned long kernel_addr; struct page *page; printk("mtest_write_val/n"); down_read(&mm->mmap_sem); vma = find_vma(mm, addr); page = my_follow_page(vma, addr); if (!page) { printk("page not found for 0x%lx/n", addr); goto out; } printk("page found for 0x%lx/n", addr); kernel_addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page); kernel_addr += (addr&~PAGE_MASK); printk("find 0x%lx to kernel address 0x%lx/n", addr, kernel_addr); out: up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); } /* @你是否有这样的想法， 给某个地址写入自己所想写的数据？ */ static void mtest_write_val(unsigned long addr, unsigned long val) { struct vm_area_struct *vma; struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm; struct page *page; unsigned long kernel_addr; printk("mtest_write_val/n"); down_read(&mm->mmap_sem); vma = find_vma(mm, addr); if (vma && addr >= vma->vm_start && (addr + sizeof(val)) < vma->vm_end) { if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)) { printk("vma is not writable for 0x%lx/n", addr); goto out; } page = my_follow_page(vma, addr); if (!page) { printk("page not found for 0x%lx/n", addr); goto out; } kernel_addr = (unsigned long)page_address(page); kernel_addr += (addr&~PAGE_MASK); printk("write 0x%lx to address 0x%lx/n", val, kernel_addr); *(unsigned long *)kernel_addr = val; put_page(page); } else { printk("no vma found for %lx/n", addr); } out: up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); } static ssize_t mtest_write(struct file *file, const char __user * buffer, size_t count, loff_t * data) { printk("mtest_write ........... /n"); char buf[128]; unsigned long val, val2; if (count > sizeof(buf)) return -EINVAL; if (copy_from_user(buf, buffer, count)) return -EINVAL; if (memcmp(buf, "listvma", 7) == 0) mtest_dump_vma_list(); else if (memcmp(buf, "findvma", 7) == 0) { if (sscanf(buf + 7, "%lx", &val) == 1) { mtest_find_vma(val); } } else if (memcmp(buf, "findpage", 8) == 0) { if (sscanf(buf + 8, "%lx", &val) == 1) { mtest_find_page(val); //my_follow_page(vma, addr); } } else if (memcmp(buf, "writeval", 8) == 0) { if (sscanf(buf + 8, "%lx %lx", &val, &val2) == 2) { mtest_write_val(val, val2); } } return count; } static struct file_operations proc_mtest_operations = { .write = mtest_write }; static struct proc_dir_entry *mtest_proc_entry; //整个操作我们以模块的形式实现，因此，模块的初始化和退出函数如下： static int __init mtest_init(void) { mtest_proc_entry = create_proc_entry("mtest", 0777, NULL); if (mtest_proc_entry == NULL) { printk("Error creating proc entry/n"); return -1; } printk("create the filename mtest mtest_init sucess /n"); mtest_proc_entry->proc_fops = &proc_mtest_operations; return 0; } static void __exit mtest_exit(void) { printk("exit the module......mtest_exit /n"); remove_proc_entry("mtest", NULL); } MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("mtest"); MODULE_AUTHOR("Zou Nan hai"); module_init(mtest_init); module_exit(mtest_exit);

 

下面为Makefile

 

 

 obj-m := mm.o # KDIR is the location of the kernel source. The current standard is # to link to the associated source tree from the directory containing # the compiled modules. KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build # PWD is the current working directory and the location of our module # source files. PWD := $(shell pwd) # default is the default make target. The rule here says to run make # with a working directory of the directory containing the kernel # source and compile only the modules in the PWD (local) directory. default: $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules clean: rm -rf *.o *.ko *.mod.c

 

下面为测试用例

 

[root@HBIDS proc]# echo "listvma" > mtest
[root@HBIDS proc]# echo "listvma" > mtest
[root@HBIDS proc]# echo "findvma0xb7f2b001" > mtest
[root@HBIDS proc]# echo "findpage0xb7f2b001" > mtest
[root@HBIDS proc]# echo "writeval0xb7f2b001 123456" > mtest

 

 

打印结果为

 

The current process is bash
mtest_dump_vma_list
VMA 0x8048000-0x80dc000 READ EXEC
VMA 0x80dc000-0x80e2000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0x80e2000-0x811e000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0x42000000-0x4212e000 READ EXEC
VMA 0x4212e000-0x42131000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0x42131000-0x42133000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7d00000-0xb7f00000 READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f00000-0xb7f0b000 READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f0b000-0xb7f0c000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f0c000-0xb7f0d000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f0d000-0xb7f0f000 READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f0f000-0xb7f10000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f10000-0xb7f13000 READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f13000-0xb7f14000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f2b000-0xb7f31000 READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f31000-0xb7f32000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f32000-0xb7f47000 READ EXEC
VMA 0xb7f47000-0xb7f48000 WRITE READ EXEC
VMA 0xbfd31000-0xbfd47000 WRITE READ EXEC
mtest_write  ...........
mtest_find_vma
found vma 0xb7f47000-0xb7f48000 flag 100877 for addr 0xb7f47001
mtest_write  ...........
mtest_write_val
page  found  for 0xb7f47001
find  0xb7f47001 to kernel address 0xc8c4e001
mtest_write  ...........
mtest_write_val
write 0x1234 to address 0xc8c4e001