linux命令之service和chkconfig

常用方式

格式：service <service>

打印指定服务<service>的命令行使用帮助。

 

格式：service <service> start

启动指定的系统服务<service>

 

格式：service <service> stop

停止指定的系统服务<service>

 

格式：service <service> restart

重新启动指定的系统服务<service>，即先停止（stop），然后再启动（start）。

 

格式：chkconfig --list

查看系统服务列表，以及每个服务的运行级别。

 

格式：chkconfig <service> on

设置指定服务<service>开机时自动启动。

 

格式：chkconfig <service> off

设置指定服务<service>开机时不自动启动。

 

格式：ntsysv

以全屏幕文本界面设置服务开机时是否自动启动。

 

使用示例

示例一 网络重启

当修改了主机名、ip地址等信息时，经常需要把网络重启使之生效。

[root@node34 root]# service network 
用法：/etc/init.d/network {start|stop|restart|reload|status}
[root@node34 root]# service network status 
配置设备：
lo eth0
当前的活跃设备：
lo eth0
[root@node34 root]# service network restart 
正在关闭接口 eth0：                                     [  确定  ]
关闭环回接口：                                             [  确定  ]
设置网络参数：                                             [  确定  ]
弹出环回接口：                                             [  确定  ]
弹出界面 eth0：                                            [  确定  ]
[root@node34 root]#

 

示例二 重启MySQL

[root@node34 root]# service mysqld 
用法：/etc/init.d/mysqld {start|stop|status|condrestart|restart}
[root@node34 root]# service mysqld status 
mysqld (pid 1638) 正在运行...
[root@node34 root]# service mysqld restart 
停止 MySQL：                                               [  确定  ]
启动 MySQL：                                               [  确定  ]
[root@node34 root]#

示例三 service脚本源码展示

[root@web ~]# cat /sbin/service 

#!/bin/sh

. /etc/init.d/functions

VERSION="`basename $0` ver. 0.91"
USAGE="Usage: `basename $0` < option > | --status-all | \
[ service_name [ command | --full-restart ] ]"
SERVICE=
SERVICEDIR="/etc/init.d" 
OPTIONS=

if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
   echo "${USAGE}" >&2
   exit 1
fi

cd /
while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
  case "${1}" in
    --help | -h | --h* )
       echo "${USAGE}" >&2
       exit 0
       ;;
    --version | -V )
       echo "${VERSION}" >&2
       exit 0
       ;;
    *)
       if [ -z "${SERVICE}" -a $# -eq 1 -a "${1}" = "--status-all" ]; then
          cd ${SERVICEDIR}
          for SERVICE in * ; do
            case "${SERVICE}" in
              functions | halt | killall | single| linuxconf| kudzu)
                  ;;
              *)
                if ! is_ignored_file "${SERVICE}" \
                    && [ -x "${SERVICEDIR}/${SERVICE}" ]; then
                  env -i LANG="$LANG" PATH="$PATH" TERM="$TERM" "${SERVICEDIR}/${SERVICE}" status
                fi
                ;;
            esac
          done
          exit 0
       elif [ $# -eq 2 -a "${2}" = "--full-restart" ]; then
          SERVICE="${1}"
          if [ -x "${SERVICEDIR}/${SERVICE}" ]; then
            env -i LANG="$LANG" PATH="$PATH" TERM="$TERM" "${SERVICEDIR}/${SERVICE}" stop
            env -i LANG="$LANG" PATH="$PATH" TERM="$TERM" "${SERVICEDIR}/${SERVICE}" start
            exit $?
          fi
       elif [ -z "${SERVICE}" ]; then
         SERVICE="${1}"
       else
         OPTIONS="${OPTIONS} ${1}"
       fi
       shift
       ;;
   esac
done

if [ -x "${SERVICEDIR}/${SERVICE}" ]; then
   env -i LANG="$LANG" PATH="$PATH" TERM="$TERM" "${SERVICEDIR}/${SERVICE}" ${OPTIONS} 
else
   echo $"${SERVICE}: unrecognized service" >&2
   exit 1
fi

[root@web ~]#

示例四 crond服务的源码

[root@web init.d]# cat /etc/init.d/crond 

#! /bin/bash
#
# crond          Start/Stop the cron clock daemon.
#
# chkconfig: 2345 90 60 
# description: cron is a standard UNIX program that runs user-specified \
#              programs at periodic scheduled times. vixie cron adds a \
#              number of features to the basic UNIX cron, including better \
#              security and more powerful configuration options.
# processname: crond
# config: /etc/crontab
# pidfile: /var/run/crond.pid

# Source function library.
. /etc/init.d/functions
. /etc/sysconfig/crond
t=${CRON_VALIDATE_MAILRCPTS:-UNSET}
[ "$t" != "UNSET" ] && export CRON_VALIDATE_MAILRCPTS="$t"
 
# See how we were called.
  
prog="crond"

start() {
        echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
        if [ -e /var/lock/subsys/crond ]; then
            if [ -e /var/run/crond.pid ] && [ -e /proc/`cat /var/run/crond.pid` ]; then
                echo -n $"cannot start crond: crond is already running.";
                failure $"cannot start crond: crond already running.";
                echo
                return 1
            fi
        fi
        daemon crond $CRONDARGS
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/crond;
        return $RETVAL
}

stop() {
        echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
        if [ ! -e /var/lock/subsys/crond ]; then
            echo -n $"cannot stop crond: crond is not running."
            failure $"cannot stop crond: crond is not running."
            echo
            return 1;
        fi
        killproc crond
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/crond;
        return $RETVAL
}

rhstatus() {
        status crond
}

restart() {
        stop
        start
}

reload() {
        echo -n $"Reloading cron daemon configuration: "
        killproc crond -HUP
        RETVAL=$?
        echo
        return $RETVAL
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  status)
        rhstatus
        ;;
  condrestart)
        [ -f /var/lock/subsys/crond ] && restart || :
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|reload|restart|condrestart}"
        exit 1
esac

[root@web init.d]#

转载http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/985455