用途说明
hexdump命令一般用来查看”二进制“文件的十六进制编码,但实际上它的用途不止如此,手册页上的说法是“ascii, decimal, hexadecimal, octal dump“,这也就是本文标题为什么要将”十六“给引起来的原因,而且它能查看任何文件,而不只限于二进制文件了。另外还有xxd和od也可以做类似的事情,但是我从未用过。在程序输出二进制格式的文件时,常用hexdump来检查输出是否正确。当然也可以使用Windows上的UltraEdit32之类的工具查看文件的十六进制编码,但Linux上有现成的工具,何不拿来用呢。
常用参数
如果要看到较理想的结果,使用-C参数,显示结果分为三列(文件偏移量、字节的十六进制、ASCII字符)。
格式:hexdump -C binfile
一般文件都不是太小,最好用less来配合一下。
格式:hexdump -C binfile | less
使用示例
示例一 比较各种参数的输出结果
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | hexdump
0000000 652f 6374 702f 7361 7773 0a64
000000c
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | od -x
0000000 652f 6374 702f 7361 7773 0a64
0000014
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | xxd
0000000: 2f65 7463 2f70 6173 7377 640a /etc/passwd.
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | hexdump -C <== 规范的十六进制和ASCII码显示(Canonical hex+ASCII display )
00000000 2f 65 74 63 2f 70 61 73 73 77 64 0a |/etc/passwd.|
0000000c
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | hexdump -b <== 单字节八进制显示(One-byte octal display)
0000000 057 145 164 143 057 160 141 163 163 167 144 012
000000c
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | hexdump -c <== 单字节字符显示(One-byte character display)
0000000 / e t c / p a s s w d \n
000000c
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | hexdump -d <== 双字节十进制显示(Two-byte decimal display)
0000000 25903 25460 28719 29537 30579 02660
000000c
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | hexdump -o <== 双字节八进制显示(Two-byte octal display)
0000000 062457 061564 070057 071541 073563 005144
000000c
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | hexdump -x <== 双字节十六进制显示(Two-byte hexadecimal display)
0000000 652f 6374 702f 7361 7773 0a64
000000c
[root@new55 ~]# echo /etc/passwd | hexdump -v
0000000 652f 6374 702f 7361 7773 0a64
000000c
比较来比较去,还是hexdump -C的显示效果更好些。
示例二 确认文本文件的格式
文本文件在不同操作系统上的行结束标志是不一样的,经常会碰到由此带来的问题。比如Linux的许多命令不能很好的处理DOS格式的文本文件。Windows/DOS下的文本文件是以\r\n作为行结束的,而Linux/Unix下的文本文件是以\n作为行结束的。
[root@new55 ~]# cat test.bc
123*321
123/321
scale=4;123/321
[root@new55 ~]# hexdump -C test.bc
00000000 31 32 33 2a 33 32 31 0a 31 32 33 2f 33 32 31 0a |123*321.123/321.|
00000010 73 63 61 6c 65 3d 34 3b 31 32 33 2f 33 32 31 0a |scale=4;123/321.|
00000020 0a |.|
00000021
[root@new55 ~]#
注:常见的ASCII字符的十六进制表示
\r 0D
\n 0A
\t 09
DOS/Windows的换行符 \r\n 即十六进制表示 0D 0A
Linux/Unix的换行符 \n 即十六进制表示 0A
示例三 查看wav文件
有些IVR系统需要8K赫兹8比特的语音文件,可以使用hexdump看一下具体字节编码。
[root@web186 root]# ls -l tmp.wav
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32381 2010-04-19 tmp.wav
[root@web186 root]# file tmp.wav
tmp.wav: RIFF (little-endian) data, WAVE audio, ITU G.711 a-law, mono 8000 Hz
[root@web186 root]# hexdump -C tmp.wav | less
00000000 52 49 46 46 75 7e 00 00 57 41 56 45 66 6d 74 20 |RIFFu~..WAVEfmt |
00000000 52 49 46 46 75 7e 00 00 57 41 56 45 66 6d 74 20 |RIFFu~..WAVEfmt |
00000010 12 00 00 00 06 00 01 00 40 1f 00 00 40 1f 00 00 |........@...@...|
00000020 01 00 08 00 00 00 66 61 63 74 04 00 00 00 43 7e |......fact....C~|
00000030 00 00 64 61 74 61 43 7e 00 00 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 |..dataC~........|
00000040 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 |................|
*
000000a0 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 d5 55 d5 d5 55 d5 |.........U.U..U.|
000000b0 55 d5 d5 55 d5 55 d5 d5 55 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 |U..U.U..U.UUUUUU|
000000c0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 |UUUUUUU.........|
000000d0 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |.UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU|
000000e0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 |UUUUUUUUU.......|
000000f0 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |....UUUUUUUUUUUU|
00000100 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 d5 d5 |UUUUUUUUUUUU....|
00000110 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |......UUUUUUUUUU|
00000120 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 |UUUUUUUUUUUUUU..|
00000130 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |.........UUUUUUU|
00000140 55 55 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |UU.UUUUUUUUUUUUU|
00000150 55 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 |U..........UUUUU|
00000160 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU|
00000170 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 d5 55 |UUUU.........U.U|
00000180 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU|
00000190 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 |UUUUUUU........U|
000001a0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |UUUUUUU..UUUUUUU|
000001b0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 55 55 d5 55 55 55 55 55 |UUUUUUU.UU.UUUUU|
000001c0 55 55 d5 55 d5 d5 55 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |UU.U..U.UUUUUUUU|
000001d0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 |UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU.|
000001e0 55 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 |U....UUUUUUUUUUU|
000001f0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 55 55 d5 |UUUUUUUUUUUU.UU.|
00000200 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 55 |UUUUUUUUU.....UU|
00000210 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 |UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU.|
00000220 55 55 d5 55 d5 55 55 d5 55 d5 55 55 d5 55 d5 d5 |UU.U.UU.U.UU.U..|
00000230 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 |................|
*
00000ba0 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 d5 55 55 d5 55 d5 |...........UU.U.|
00000bb0 55 55 d5 55 d5 55 d5 d5 55 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 |UU.U.U..U.UUUUUU|
00000bc0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 |UUUUUUUUU..UUUUU|
00000bd0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 55 |UUUUUUU.UUUUUU.U|
00000be0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 55 55 55 55 |UUUUUUUUUUU.UUUU|
00000bf0 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 d5 |UUUUUUUU..UUUUU.|
00000c00 d5 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 d5 55 55 55 55 55 d5 d5 55 |.UUUU...UUUUU..U|
:q
[root@web186 root]#
http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/805778
- hexdump -e '16/1 "%02X " " | "' -e '16/1 "%_p" "\n"' test
- 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F | ................
- 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F | ................
- 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F | !"#$%&'()*+,-./
- hexdump -e '1/1 "0x%08_ax "' -e '8/1 "%02X " " * "' -e '8/1 "%_p" "\n"' test
- 0x00000000 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 * ........
- 0x00000008 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F * ........
- 0x00000010 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 * ........
- 0x00000018 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F * ........
- 0x00000020 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 * !"#$%&'
- 0x00000028 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F * ()*+,-./
- hexdump -e '1/1 "%02_ad# "' -e '/1 "hex = %02X * "' -e '/1 "dec = %03d | "' -e '/1 "oct = %03o"' -e '/1 " \_\n"' -n 20 test
- 00# hex = 00 * dec = 000 | oct = 000 _
- 01# hex = 01 * dec = 001 | oct = 001 _
- 02# hex = 02 * dec = 002 | oct = 002 _
- 03# hex = 03 * dec = 003 | oct = 003 _
- 04# hex = 04 * dec = 004 | oct = 004 _
- 05# hex = 05 * dec = 005 | oct = 005 _
- 06# hex = 06 * dec = 006 | oct = 006 _
- 07# hex = 07 * dec = 007 | oct = 007 _
- 08# hex = 08 * dec = 008 | oct = 010 _
- 09# hex = 09 * dec = 009 | oct = 011 _
- 10# hex = 0A * dec = 010 | oct = 012 _
- 11# hex = 0B * dec = 011 | oct = 013 _
- 12# hex = 0C * dec = 012 | oct = 014 _
- 13# hex = 0D * dec = 013 | oct = 015 _
- 14# hex = 0E * dec = 014 | oct = 016 _
- 15# hex = 0F * dec = 015 | oct = 017 _
- 16# hex = 10 * dec = 016 | oct = 020 _
- 17# hex = 11 * dec = 017 | oct = 021 _
- 18# hex = 12 * dec = 018 | oct = 022 _
- 19# hex = 13 * dec = 019 | oct = 023 _
http://blog.csdn.net/zybasjj/article/details/7874720