享元模式（Flyweight）

1.    定义

       运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Flyweight pattern -- Structural example

using System; using System.Collections;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Flyweight.Structural {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Structural   /// Flyweight Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Arbitrary extrinsic state       int extrinsicstate = 22;         FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();         // Work with different flyweight instances       Flyweight fx = factory.GetFlyweight("X");       fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);         Flyweight fy = factory.GetFlyweight("Y");       fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);         Flyweight fz = factory.GetFlyweight("Z");       fz.Operation(--extrinsicstate);         UnsharedConcreteFlyweight fu = new         UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();         fu.Operation(--extrinsicstate);         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'FlyweightFactory' class   /// </summary>   class FlyweightFactory   {     private Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();       // Constructor     public FlyweightFactory()     {       flyweights.Add("X", new ConcreteFlyweight());       flyweights.Add("Y", new ConcreteFlyweight());       flyweights.Add("Z", new ConcreteFlyweight());     }       public Flyweight GetFlyweight(string key)     {       return ((Flyweight)flyweights[key]);     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Flyweight' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Flyweight   {     public abstract void Operation(int extrinsicstate);   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteFlyweight' class   /// </summary>   class ConcreteFlyweight : Flyweight   {     public override void Operation(int extrinsicstate)     {       Console.WriteLine("ConcreteFlyweight: " + extrinsicstate);     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'UnsharedConcreteFlyweight' class   /// </summary>   class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight : Flyweight   {     public override void Operation(int extrinsicstate)     {       Console.WriteLine("UnsharedConcreteFlyweight: " +         extrinsicstate);     }   } }

Output ConcreteFlyweight: 21 ConcreteFlyweight: 20 ConcreteFlyweight: 19 UnsharedConcreteFlyweight: 18

4.      实例代码

// Flyweight pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Flyweight.RealWorld {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Real-World   /// Flyweight Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Build a document with text       string document = "AAZZBBZB";       char[] chars = document.ToCharArray();         CharacterFactory factory = new CharacterFactory();         // extrinsic state       int pointSize = 10;         // For each character use a flyweight object       foreach (char c in chars)       {         pointSize++;         Character character = factory.GetCharacter(c);         character.Display(pointSize);       }         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'FlyweightFactory' class   /// </summary>   class CharacterFactory   {     private Dictionary<char, Character> _characters =       new Dictionary<char, Character>();       public Character GetCharacter(char key)     {       // Uses "lazy initialization"       Character character = null;       if (_characters.ContainsKey(key))       {         character = _characters[key];       }       else       {         switch (key)         {           case 'A': character = new CharacterA(); break;           case 'B': character = new CharacterB(); break;           //...           case 'Z': character = new CharacterZ(); break;         }         _characters.Add(key, character);       }       return character;     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Flyweight' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Character   {     protected char symbol;     protected int width;     protected int height;     protected int ascent;     protected int descent;     protected int pointSize;       public abstract void Display(int pointSize);   }     /// <summary>   /// A 'ConcreteFlyweight' class   /// </summary>   class CharacterA : Character   {     // Constructor     public CharacterA()     {       this.symbol = 'A';       this.height = 100;       this.width = 120;       this.ascent = 70;       this.descent = 0;     }       public override void Display(int pointSize)     {       this.pointSize = pointSize;       Console.WriteLine(this.symbol +         " (pointsize " + this.pointSize + ")");     }   }     /// <summary>   /// A 'ConcreteFlyweight' class   /// </summary>   class CharacterB : Character   {     // Constructor     public CharacterB()     {       this.symbol = 'B';       this.height = 100;       this.width = 140;       this.ascent = 72;       this.descent = 0;     }       public override void Display(int pointSize)     {       this.pointSize = pointSize;       Console.WriteLine(this.symbol +         " (pointsize " + this.pointSize + ")");     }     }     // ... C, D, E, etc.     /// <summary>   /// A 'ConcreteFlyweight' class   /// </summary>   class CharacterZ : Character   {     // Constructor     public CharacterZ()     {       this.symbol = 'Z';       this.height = 100;       this.width = 100;       this.ascent = 68;       this.descent = 0;     }       public override void Display(int pointSize)     {       this.pointSize = pointSize;       Console.WriteLine(this.symbol +         " (pointsize " + this.pointSize + ")");     }   } }

Output A (pointsize 11) A (pointsize 12) Z (pointsize 13) Z (pointsize 14) B (pointsize 15) B (pointsize 16) Z (pointsize 17) B (pointsize 18)

该文章来自：http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternFlyweight.aspx