命令模式（Command）

1.    定义

       将一个请求封装为一个对象，从而使你可用不同的请求对客户数据进行参数化；对请求排队或记录请求日志，以及支持可撤销的操作。

2.      UML 类图

 

3.      结构代码

// Command pattern -- Structural example

using System;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Command.Structural {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Structural   /// Command Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Create receiver, command, and invoker       Receiver receiver = new Receiver();       Command command = new ConcreteCommand(receiver);       Invoker invoker = new Invoker();         // Set and execute command       invoker.SetCommand(command);       invoker.ExecuteCommand();         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Command' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Command   {     protected Receiver receiver;       // Constructor     public Command(Receiver receiver)     {       this.receiver = receiver;     }       public abstract void Execute();   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteCommand' class   /// </summary>   class ConcreteCommand : Command   {     // Constructor     public ConcreteCommand(Receiver receiver) :       base(receiver)     {     }       public override void Execute()     {       receiver.Action();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Receiver' class   /// </summary>   class Receiver   {     public void Action()     {       Console.WriteLine("Called Receiver.Action()");     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Invoker' class   /// </summary>   class Invoker   {     private Command _command;       public void SetCommand(Command command)     {       this._command = command;     }       public void ExecuteCommand()     {       _command.Execute();     }   } }

Output Called Receiver.Action()

4.      实例代码

// Command pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections.Generic;   namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Command.RealWorld {   /// <summary>   /// MainApp startup class for Real-World   /// Command Design Pattern.   /// </summary>   class MainApp   {     /// <summary>     /// Entry point into console application.     /// </summary>     static void Main()     {       // Create user and let her compute       User user = new User();         // User presses calculator buttons       user.Compute('+', 100);       user.Compute('-', 50);       user.Compute('*', 10);       user.Compute('/', 2);         // Undo 4 commands       user.Undo(4);         // Redo 3 commands       user.Redo(3);         // Wait for user       Console.ReadKey();     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Command' abstract class   /// </summary>   abstract class Command   {     public abstract void Execute();     public abstract void UnExecute();   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'ConcreteCommand' class   /// </summary>   class CalculatorCommand : Command   {     private char _operator;     private int _operand;     private Calculator _calculator;       // Constructor     public CalculatorCommand(Calculator calculator,       char @operator, int operand)     {       this._calculator = calculator;       this._operator = @operator;       this._operand = operand;     }       // Gets operator     public char Operator     {       set { _operator = value; }     }       // Get operand     public int Operand     {       set { _operand = value; }     }       // Execute new command     public override void Execute()     {       _calculator.Operation(_operator, _operand);     }       // Unexecute last command     public override void UnExecute()     {       _calculator.Operation(Undo(_operator), _operand);     }       // Returns opposite operator for given operator     private char Undo(char @operator)     {       switch (@operator)       {         case '+': return '-';         case '-': return '+';         case '*': return '/';         case '/': return '*';         default: throw new          ArgumentException("@operator");       }     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Receiver' class   /// </summary>   class Calculator   {     private int _curr = 0;       public void Operation(char @operator, int operand)     {       switch (@operator)       {         case '+': _curr += operand; break;         case '-': _curr -= operand; break;         case '*': _curr *= operand; break;         case '/': _curr /= operand; break;       }       Console.WriteLine(         "Current value = {0,3} (following {1} {2})",         _curr, @operator, operand);     }   }     /// <summary>   /// The 'Invoker' class   /// </summary>   class User   {     // Initializers     private Calculator _calculator = new Calculator();     private List<Command> _commands = new List<Command>();     private int _current = 0;       public void Redo(int levels)     {       Console.WriteLine("\n---- Redo {0} levels ", levels);       // Perform redo operations       for (int i = 0; i < levels; i++)       {         if (_current < _commands.Count - 1)         {           Command command = _commands[_current++];           command.Execute();         }       }     }       public void Undo(int levels)     {       Console.WriteLine("\n---- Undo {0} levels ", levels);       // Perform undo operations       for (int i = 0; i < levels; i++)       {         if (_current > 0)         {           Command command = _commands[--_current] as Command;           command.UnExecute();         }       }     }       public void Compute(char @operator, int operand)     {       // Create command operation and execute it       Command command = new CalculatorCommand(         _calculator, @operator, operand);       command.Execute();         // Add command to undo list       _commands.Add(command);       _current++;     }   } }

Output Current value = 100 (following + 100) Current value =  50 (following - 50) Current value = 500 (following * 10) Current value = 250 (following / 2) ---- Undo 4 levels Current value = 500 (following * 2) Current value =  50 (following / 10) Current value = 100 (following + 50) Current value =   0 (following - 100) ---- Redo 3 levels Current value = 100 (following + 100) Current value =  50 (following - 50) Current value = 500 (following * 10)

该文章来自：http://www.dofactory.com/Patterns/PatternCommand.aspx