[数位dp] Codeforces 401D Roman and Numbers

最新推荐文章于 2021-10-06 14:26:06 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2021-10-06 14:26:06 发布 · 2.3k 阅读

1 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

动态规划专栏收录该内容

91 篇文章

订阅专栏

博客介绍了如何使用数位动态规划（dp）方法解决Codeforces上的一道数学问题，该问题要求找出所有通过重新排列给定数n的数字且不带前导零，并能被m整除的数的数量。博主提供了详细的解题思路和代码示例。

题目链接：

http://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/401/D

Roman is a young mathematician, very famous in Uzhland. Unfortunately, Sereja doesn't think so. To make Sereja change his mind, Roman is ready to solve any mathematical problem. After some thought, Sereja asked Roma to find, how many numbers are close to number n, modulo m.

Number x is considered close to number n modulo m, if:

it can be obtained by rearranging the digits of number n,
it doesn't have any leading zeroes,
the remainder after dividing number x by m equals 0.

Roman is a good mathematician, but the number of such numbers is too huge for him. So he asks you to help him.

Input

The first line contains two integers: n (1 ≤ n < 1018) and m (1 ≤ m ≤ 100).

Output

In a single line print a single integer — the number of numbers close to number n modulo m.

   Sample test(s)
 
     input
   
104 2

     output
   
3

     input
   
223 4

     output
   
1

     input
   
7067678 8

     output
   
47

Note

In the first sample the required numbers are: 104, 140, 410.

In the second sample the required number is 232.

题目意思：

给一个n(n<=10^18),m(m<=100),求把n中各位数字重排后组成的数（不能又前置零）能被m整除的个数。

解题思路：

数位dp

dp[s][m]表示当剩下的数组成的状态为s，已用的数字组成的余数为m时，能组成满足要求的种数。

最每一个剩下的数枚举，去掉即可。注意每一位可能有相同的数，只需要一个。

代码：

//#include<CSpreadSheet.h>

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<sstream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<string>
#include<string.h>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<stack>
#include<list>
#include<queue>
#include<ctime>
#include<bitset>
#include<cmath>
#define eps 1e-6
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define PI acos(-1.0)
#define ll __int64
#define LL long long
#define lson l,m,(rt<<1)
#define rson m+1,r,(rt<<1)|1
#define M 1000000007
//#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
using namespace std;

ll dp[1<<19][101]; //dp[s][m]表示还剩下状态为s的数，前面的余数为m时，满足要求的种数
//这样可以避免前面余数为m的情况的重复计算
ll n,m;
int cnt,va[20];

void init(ll cur)
{
    cnt=0;
    while(cur)
    {
        va[cnt++]=cur%10;
        cur/=10;
    }
}
ll dfs(ll cur,ll fi)
{
    if(!cur) //每一位已全部搞定
    {
        if(!fi)
            return 1;
        return 0;
    }
    if(dp[cur][fi]!=-1) //之前已经求，现在不需要求了
        return dp[cur][fi];

    int num[10];
    memset(num,0,sizeof(num));
    ll res=0;

    for(int i=0;i<cnt;i++)
    {
        if(cur&(1<<i)) //第i个数还在里面
        {
            if(num[va[i]])
                continue;
            num[va[i]]=1;
            res+=dfs(cur^(1<<i),(fi*10+va[i])%m); //把第i个数放进去
        }
    }
    return dp[cur][fi]=res; //保存
}

int main()
{
    //printf("%d\n",1<<18);
   //freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
   //freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
   while(~scanf("%I64d%I64d",&n,&m))
   {
       init(n);
       memset(dp,-1,sizeof(dp));

       int num[10];
       memset(num,0,sizeof(num));
       int lim=(1<<cnt)-1;
       ll ans=0;

       for(int i=0;i<cnt;i++)
       {
           if(num[va[i]]||!va[i]) //注意首位不为零
                continue;
           num[va[i]]=1;
           ans+=dfs(lim^(1<<i),va[i]%m);
       }
       printf("%I64d\n",ans);

   }
   return 0;
}