一、工作原理
让程序平行排队的特定任务,根据可用的处理资源,安排其在任何可用的处理器和欣赏执行任务。
可以是block 或者是函数(function)。
二、工作方式
1、最常用的方式 dispatch_async 异步线程处理方式
a. 好处:(1)异步线程操作,避免了在处理耗时操作时ui卡死
(2)GCD在进行任务处理时会根据任务在处理器上进行资源分配,优化程序
(3)不需要关心内存释放问题
(4)在线程中处理完之后,再通过主线程进行UI更新
b.常用于:网络数据读取、数据库读写
dispatch_async
(
dispatch_get_global_queue
(
DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT
,
0
), ^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 1.0 ];
dispatch_async ( dispatch_get_main_queue (), ^{
NSLog ( @"async done" );
});
});
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 1.0 ];
dispatch_async ( dispatch_get_main_queue (), ^{
NSLog ( @"async done" );
});
});
NSLog(@"124");
2、dispatch_group_async 使用
a.功能点:监听一组任务是否完成,在所有任务完成后通知线程进行其他操作
// dispatch_group_async
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create ( DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT , 0 );
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create ();
dispatch_group_async (group, queue, ^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 1 ];
NSLog ( @"first async" );
});
dispatch_group_async (group, queue, ^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 2 ];
NSLog ( @"second async" );
});
dispatch_group_async (group, queue, ^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 3 ];
NSLog ( @"third async" );
});
dispatch_group_notify (group, queue, ^{
NSLog ( @"group done" );
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create ( DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT , 0 );
dispatch_group_t group = dispatch_group_create ();
dispatch_group_async (group, queue, ^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 1 ];
NSLog ( @"first async" );
});
dispatch_group_async (group, queue, ^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 2 ];
NSLog ( @"second async" );
});
dispatch_group_async (group, queue, ^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 3 ];
NSLog ( @"third async" );
});
dispatch_group_notify (group, queue, ^{
NSLog ( @"group done" );
});
3、dispatch_barrier_async 使用
a. 在前面的任务执行结束后执行,后面的任务需要等它结束后才会执行
// dispatch_barrier_asnyc
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create ( "dispatch_barrier_asnyc" , 0 );
dispatch_async (queue,^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 3.0f ];
NSLog ( @"first run" );
});
dispatch_async (queue,^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 7.0f ];
NSLog ( @"second run" );
});
dispatch_barrier_async (queue, ^{
NSLog ( @"dispatch_barrier_async" );
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 1.0f ];
});
dispatch_async (queue,^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 1.0f ];
NSLog ( @"third run" );
dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create ( "dispatch_barrier_asnyc" , 0 );
dispatch_async (queue,^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 3.0f ];
NSLog ( @"first run" );
});
dispatch_async (queue,^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 7.0f ];
NSLog ( @"second run" );
});
dispatch_barrier_async (queue, ^{
NSLog ( @"dispatch_barrier_async" );
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 1.0f ];
});
dispatch_async (queue,^{
[ NSThread sleepForTimeInterval : 1.0f ];
NSLog ( @"third run" );
});
2015-04-09 11:43:51.863 [14074:522786] first run
2015-04-09 11:43:58.865 [14074:522786] second run
2015-04-09 11:43:58.865 [14074:522786] dispatch_barrier_async
2015-04-09 11:44:00.867 [14074:522786] third run
4、dispatch_apply 执行某个代码片段N次
注:该方法主要用于异步线程当中的子线程,在主线程中没有任何响应
//
多次执行某个代码片段
dispatch_apply ( 5 , dispatch_get_global_queue ( DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT , 0 ), ^( size_t index){
NSLog ( @"%zu" ,index);
dispatch_apply ( 5 , dispatch_get_global_queue ( DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT , 0 ), ^( size_t index){
NSLog ( @"%zu" ,index);
});
5、dispatch_after 延迟执行一些代码
//
延迟方法执行
NSLog ( @"time" );
double delayTime = 3.0f ;
dispatch_time_t time = dispatch_time ( DISPATCH_TIME_NOW , ( int64_t )delayTime * NSEC_PER_SEC );
dispatch_after (time, dispatch_get_main_queue (), ^{
NSLog ( @" 延迟方法执行 " );
NSLog ( @"time" );
double delayTime = 3.0f ;
dispatch_time_t time = dispatch_time ( DISPATCH_TIME_NOW , ( int64_t )delayTime * NSEC_PER_SEC );
dispatch_after (time, dispatch_get_main_queue (), ^{
NSLog ( @" 延迟方法执行 " );
});
6、dispatch_once 只执行一次,用于单例
//
单例方式
static dispatch_once_t once;
dispatch_once (&once, ^{
// 只执行一次
static dispatch_once_t once;
dispatch_once (&once, ^{
// 只执行一次
});