【Caffe代码解析】convert_imageset

功能：
将图像数据，转化为KV数据库（LevelDB或者LMDB）
需要提供文件列表（包含对应的标签）
使用方法：
convert_imageset [FLAGS] ROOTFOLDER/ LISTFILE DB_NAME
其中
参数：ROOTFOLDER 表示输入的文件夹
参数：LISTFILE 表示输入文件列表，其每一行为：类似 subfolder1/file1.JPEG 7
可选参数：[FLAGS] 可以指示是否使用shuffle，颜色空间，编码等。

实现方法：
首先，将文件名与它对应的标签用 std::pair 存储起来，其中first存储文件名，second存储标签，

其次，数据通过 Datum datum来存储，将图像与标签转为Datum 需要通过函数ReadImageToDatum（） 来完成，

再次， Datum 数据又是通过datum.SerializeToString(&out)把数据序列化为字符串 string out;，

最后， 将字符串 string out ，通过txn->Put(string(key_cstr, length), out)写入数据库DB。

源代码//2015.06.04版本

// This program converts a set of images to a lmdb/leveldb by storing them
// as Datum proto buffers.
// Usage:
//   convert_imageset [FLAGS] ROOTFOLDER/ LISTFILE DB_NAME
//
// where ROOTFOLDER is the root folder that holds all the images, and LISTFILE
// should be a list of files as well as their labels, in the format as
//   subfolder1/file1.JPEG 7
//   ....

#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>  // NOLINT(readability/streams)
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "boost/scoped_ptr.hpp"
#include "gflags/gflags.h"
#include "glog/logging.h"

#include "caffe/proto/caffe.pb.h"
#include "caffe/util/db.hpp"
#include "caffe/util/io.hpp"
#include "caffe/util/rng.hpp"

using namespace caffe;  // NOLINT(build/namespaces)
using std::pair;
using boost::scoped_ptr;

DEFINE_bool(gray, false,
    "When this option is on, treat images as grayscale ones");
DEFINE_bool(shuffle, false,
    "Randomly shuffle the order of images and their labels");
DEFINE_string(backend, "lmdb",
        "The backend {lmdb, leveldb} for storing the result");
DEFINE_int32(resize_width, 0, "Width images are resized to");
DEFINE_int32(resize_height, 0, "Height images are resized to");
DEFINE_bool(check_size, false,
    "When this option is on, check that all the datum have the same size");
DEFINE_bool(encoded, false,
    "When this option is on, the encoded image will be save in datum");
DEFINE_string(encode_type, "",
    "Optional: What type should we encode the image as ('png','jpg',...).");

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  ::google::InitGoogleLogging(argv[0]);

#ifndef GFLAGS_GFLAGS_H_
  namespace gflags = google;
#endif

  gflags::SetUsageMessage("Convert a set of images to the leveldb/lmdb\n"
        "format used as input for Caffe.\n"
        "Usage:\n"
        "    convert_imageset [FLAGS] ROOTFOLDER/ LISTFILE DB_NAME\n"
        "The ImageNet dataset for the training demo is at\n"
        "    http://www.image-net.org/download-images\n");
  gflags::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);

  if (argc < 4) {
    gflags::ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(argv[0], "tools/convert_imageset");
    return 1;
  }

  const bool is_color = !FLAGS_gray;
  const bool check_size = FLAGS_check_size;
  const bool encoded = FLAGS_encoded;
  const string encode_type = FLAGS_encode_type;

  std::ifstream infile(argv[2]);
  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int> > lines;
  std::string filename;
  int label;
  while (infile >> filename >> label) {
    lines.push_back(std::make_pair(filename, label));
  }
  if (FLAGS_shuffle) {
    // randomly shuffle data
    LOG(INFO) << "Shuffling data";
    shuffle(lines.begin(), lines.end());
  }
  LOG(INFO) << "A total of " << lines.size() << " images.";

  if (encode_type.size() && !encoded)
    LOG(INFO) << "encode_type specified, assuming encoded=true.";

  int resize_height = std::max<int>(0, FLAGS_resize_height);
  int resize_width = std::max<int>(0, FLAGS_resize_width);

  // Create new DB
  scoped_ptr<db::DB> db(db::GetDB(FLAGS_backend));
  db->Open(argv[3], db::NEW);
  scoped_ptr<db::Transaction> txn(db->NewTransaction());

  // Storing to db
  std::string root_folder(argv[1]);
  Datum datum;
  int count = 0;
  const int kMaxKeyLength = 256;
  char key_cstr[kMaxKeyLength];
  int data_size = 0;
  bool data_size_initialized = false;

  for (int line_id = 0; line_id < lines.size(); ++line_id) {
    bool status;
    std::string enc = encode_type;
    if (encoded && !enc.size()) {
      // Guess the encoding type from the file name
      string fn = lines[line_id].first;
      size_t p = fn.rfind('.');
      if ( p == fn.npos )
        LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to guess the encoding of '" << fn << "'";
      enc = fn.substr(p);
      std::transform(enc.begin(), enc.end(), enc.begin(), ::tolower);
    }
    status = ReadImageToDatum(root_folder + lines[line_id].first,
        lines[line_id].second, resize_height, resize_width, is_color,
        enc, &datum);
    if (status == false) continue;
    if (check_size) {
      if (!data_size_initialized) {
        data_size = datum.channels() * datum.height() * datum.width();
        data_size_initialized = true;
      } else {
        const std::string& data = datum.data();
        CHECK_EQ(data.size(), data_size) << "Incorrect data field size "
            << data.size();
      }
    }
    // sequential
    int length = snprintf(key_cstr, kMaxKeyLength, "%08d_%s", line_id,
        lines[line_id].first.c_str());

    // Put in db
    string out;
    CHECK(datum.SerializeToString(&out));
    txn->Put(string(key_cstr, length), out);

    if (++count % 1000 == 0) {
      // Commit db
      txn->Commit();
      txn.reset(db->NewTransaction());
      LOG(ERROR) << "Processed " << count << " files.";
    }
  }
  // write the last batch
  if (count % 1000 != 0) {
    txn->Commit();
    LOG(ERROR) << "Processed " << count << " files.";
  }
  return 0;
}