活动(Activity) - 用于表现功能
服务(Service) - 相当于后台运行的 Activity
广播(Broadcast) - 用于发送广播
广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver) - 用于接收广播
Intent - 用于连接以上各个组件,并在其间传递消息
(1)继承 BroadcastReceiver类,并重写onReceive()方法
public class IncomingSMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
}
}
(2)注册广播的方法有两种
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED");
IncomingSMSReceiver receiver = new IncomingSMSReceiver();
registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
注:一般在onStart中注册,onStop中取消unregisterReceiver
2>在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的<application>节点里进行订阅:
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
首先在需要发送信息的地方,把要发送的信息和用于过滤的信息(如Action、Category)装入一个Intent对象,然后通过调用 Context.sendBroadcast()、sendOrderBroadcast()或sendStickyBroadcast()方法,把 Intent对象以广播方式发送出去
当Intent发送以后,所有已经注册的BroadcastReceiver会检查注册时的IntentFilter是否与发送的Intent相匹配,若 匹配则就会调用BroadcastReceiver的onReceive()方法。所以当我们定义一个BroadcastReceiver的时候,都需要 实现onReceive()方法
广播被分为两种不同的类型
指定广播目标Action:Intent Intent = new Intent(action-String)
指定了此action的receiver会接收此广播
需传递参数(可选) putExtra();
发送:sendBroadcast(Intent);
(1)Context.sendBroadcast():发送的是普通广播,所有订阅者都有机会获得并进行处理
(2)Context.sendOrderedBroadcast():发送的是有序广播,系统会根据接收者声明的优先级别按顺序逐个执行接收者
如:
public class IncomingSMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private static final String SMS_RECEIVED = "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED";
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent.getAction().equals(SMS_RECEIVED)) {
SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault();
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
if (bundle != null) {
Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
SmsMessage[] messages = new SmsMessage[pdus.length];
for(int i = 0; i < pdus.length; i++)
messages[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]);
for(SmsMessage message : messages){
String msg = message.getMessageBody();
String to = message.getOriginatingAddress();
sms.sendTextMessage(to, null, msg, null, null);
}
}
}
}
}
在AndroidManifest.xml文件中的<application>节点里对接收到短信的广播Intent进行订阅:
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
在AndroidManifest.xml文件中添加以下权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"/><!-- 接收短信权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/><!-- 发送短信权限 -->
在Android中,每次广播消息到来时都会创建BroadcastReceiver实例并执行onReceive() 方法, onReceive() 方法执行完后,BroadcastReceiver 的实例就会被销毁。
如:
public class IncomingSMSReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//发送Intent启动服务,由服务来完成比较耗时的操作
Intent service = new Intent(context, XxxService.class);
context.startService(service);
}
}
广播接收者
除了短信到来广播Intent,Android还有很多广播Intent,如:开机启动、电池电量变化、时间已经改变等广播Intent。
(1)接收电池电量变化广播Intent
在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中的<application>节点里订阅此Intent
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BATTERY_CHANGED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
(2)接收开机启动广播Intent
在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中的<application>节点里订阅此Intent
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
并且要进行权限声明:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
(3)接收短信广播Intent
在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中的<application>节点里订阅此Intent
<receiver android:name=".IncomingSMSReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中添加以下权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"/><!-- 接收短信权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/><!-- 发送短信权限 -->
无序广播的发送和接收实例
1>创建广播接收函数需要继承于BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
Log.i("MyReceiver.onReceive", "进入广播处理函数! Action = " + intent.getAction());
if("HEHE.HAHA".equals(intent.getAction())) {
Toast.makeText(context, "收到的Action为:" + intent.getAction() + "\n收的到内容是:"
+ intent.getStringExtra("msg"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) .show();
Log.i("MyReceiver.onReceive", "进入广播处理函数的里面!");
}
}
}
2>在<application>中注册BroadcastReceiver
<!-- 注册BroadcastReciver -->
<receiver android:name="com.example.mybroadcast.MyReceiver" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="HEHE.HAHA" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
3>发送广播
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Button button;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
//按钮处理方法
public void onReceive(View view) {
Log.i("MainActivity.onReceive", "进入onReceive");
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("HEHE.HAHA");
intent.putExtra("msg", "简单的消息!");
// 发送广播
sendBroadcast(intent);
}