C++简单实现对象引用计数示例

C++简单实现对象引用计数示例

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>

using namespace std;

class String {
public:
	String(const char *pdata);
	String(const String &rhs);
	String &operator = (const String &rhs);
	~String();

public: //应该使用private,但为了演示的目的而使用public
	//内部类
	class StringValue {
	public:
		StringValue(const char *pdata);
		~StringValue();
	public:
		int refCount;
		char *data;       
	};

	StringValue *value;//所有的引用对象均共享唯一一个value，value里面实际存储data和引用次数
};

String::StringValue::StringValue(const char *pdata):refCount(1) {
	data = new char[strlen(pdata) + 1];
	strcpy(data,pdata);
}

String::StringValue::~StringValue() {
	delete [] data;
}

String::String(const char *pdata) : value(new StringValue(pdata)) {}

String::String(const String &rhs) {//要对引用加1
	value = rhs.value;
	(value->refCount)++;//所有指向同一段data的对象的引用加1
}

String &String::operator =(const String &rhs) {
	if (value == rhs.value)//注意，不是this == &rhs
		return *this;
	if(--value->refCount == 0)
	{	
		printf("operator =[delete value] value->refCount=%d\n",value->refCount);
		delete value;
	}

	value = rhs.value;
	++(value->refCount);
	
	return *this;
}

String::~String() {
	if ( (--value->refCount) == 0 )
	{	
		printf("~String():[delete value] value->refCount=%d\n",value->refCount);
		delete value;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("~String(): value->refCount=%d\n",value->refCount);
	}
}

void test() {
	String ss("ssss");
	printf("ss.value->refCount=%d\n",ss.value->refCount);
	String s1 = ss;
	printf("s1.value->refCount=%d\n",s1.value->refCount);
	printf("ss.value->refCount=%d\n",ss.value->refCount);
	String s2("dddd");
	printf("s2.value->refCount=%d\n",s2.value->refCount);
	s2 = ss;
	printf("s2.value->refCount=%d\n",s2.value->refCount);
	printf("ss.value->refCount=%d\n",ss.value->refCount);
}

int main() {
	test();
}

运行结果如下：

ss.value->refCount=1
s1.value->refCount=2
ss.value->refCount=2
s2.value->refCount=1
operator =[delete value] value->refCount=0
s2.value->refCount=3
ss.value->refCount=3
~String(): value->refCount=2
~String(): value->refCount=1
~String():[delete value] value->refCount=0