C++简单实现对象引用计数示例
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
class String {
public:
String(const char *pdata);
String(const String &rhs);
String &operator = (const String &rhs);
~String();
public: //应该使用private,但为了演示的目的而使用public
//内部类
class StringValue {
public:
StringValue(const char *pdata);
~StringValue();
public:
int refCount;
char *data;
};
StringValue *value;//所有的引用对象均共享唯一一个value,value里面实际存储data和引用次数
};
String::StringValue::StringValue(const char *pdata):refCount(1) {
data = new char[strlen(pdata) + 1];
strcpy(data,pdata);
}
String::StringValue::~StringValue() {
delete [] data;
}
String::String(const char *pdata) : value(new StringValue(pdata)) {}
String::String(const String &rhs) {//要对引用加1
value = rhs.value;
(value->refCount)++;//所有指向同一段data的对象的引用加1
}
String &String::operator =(const String &rhs) {
if (value == rhs.value)//注意,不是this == &rhs
return *this;
if(--value->refCount == 0)
{
printf("operator =[delete value] value->refCount=%d\n",value->refCount);
delete value;
}
value = rhs.value;
++(value->refCount);
return *this;
}
String::~String() {
if ( (--value->refCount) == 0 )
{
printf("~String():[delete value] value->refCount=%d\n",value->refCount);
delete value;
}
else
{
printf("~String(): value->refCount=%d\n",value->refCount);
}
}
void test() {
String ss("ssss");
printf("ss.value->refCount=%d\n",ss.value->refCount);
String s1 = ss;
printf("s1.value->refCount=%d\n",s1.value->refCount);
printf("ss.value->refCount=%d\n",ss.value->refCount);
String s2("dddd");
printf("s2.value->refCount=%d\n",s2.value->refCount);
s2 = ss;
printf("s2.value->refCount=%d\n",s2.value->refCount);
printf("ss.value->refCount=%d\n",ss.value->refCount);
}
int main() {
test();
}
运行结果如下:
ss.value->refCount=1
s1.value->refCount=2
ss.value->refCount=2
s2.value->refCount=1
operator =[delete value] value->refCount=0
s2.value->refCount=3
ss.value->refCount=3
~String(): value->refCount=2
~String(): value->refCount=1
~String():[delete value] value->refCount=0