RabbitMQ是用于应用程序之间或者程序的不同组件之间的消息通信，进行了异步处理，而这种异步处理的方式大大的节省了服务器的请求响应时间，从而提高了系统的吞吐量，也就是生产-消费模型，一端往消息队列中不断写入消息，而另一端则可以读取或者订阅队列中的消息。
RabbitMQ 设置持久化， 如果生产端发送消息，消费端突然挂掉了，消息还存在队列，等消费端重启了，消费端能获取到消息。
RabbitMQ的两大核心组件是Exchange和Queue。
说明：
Exchange又称交换器，它接受消息和路由信息，然后将消息发送给消息队
列。
Queue是一个具名缓冲区，它们代表一组消费者应用程序保存消息。
接下来介绍Producer 和 Consumer 两种类型
1.生产者
第一步：实现消息类，主要是保存调用哪个路由key和交换器（也是走哪条线）、要传的数据
/** * 消息 * */
public class RabbitMessage implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6487839157908352120L;
private Class<?>[] paramTypes;// 参数类型
private String exchange;// 交换器
private Object[] params;
private String routeKey;// 路由key
public RabbitMessage() {
}
public RabbitMessage(String exchange, String routeKey, Object... params) {
this.params = params;
this.exchange = exchange;
this.routeKey = routeKey;
}
@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
public RabbitMessage(String exchange, String routeKey, String methodName,
Object... params) {
this.params = params;
this.exchange = exchange;
this.routeKey = routeKey;
int len = params.length;
Class[] clazzArray = new Class[len];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
clazzArray[i] = params[i].getClass();
this.paramTypes = clazzArray;
}
public byte[] getSerialBytes() {
byte[] res = new byte[0];
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos;
try {
oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
oos.writeObject(this);
oos.close();
res = baos.toByteArray();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return res;
}
public String getRouteKey() {
return routeKey;
}
public String getExchange() {
return exchange;
}
public void setExchange(String exchange) {
this.exchange = exchange;
}
public void setRouteKey(String routeKey) {
this.routeKey = routeKey;
}
public Class<?>[] getParamTypes() {
return paramTypes;
}
public Object[] getParams() {
return params;
}
}第二步：实现生产者前提，是要设置调用安装RabbitMQ的IP、端口、线程数、交换器类型等
配置一个global.properties文件
通过SpringMvc把global.properties文件读进来
<!-- 注入属性文件 -->
<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<property name="locations">
<list>
<value>classpath:global.properties</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>第三步：实现生产者类，这里面主要用到的技术有java.util.concurrent.Executors(上一篇有介绍过)实现线程执行
1）实现连接管理
/** * 连接管理 * */
public class ConnectionManage {
private volatile Connection connection;
public ConnectionManage(String rmqServerIP, int rmqServerPort)
throws IOException {
ConnectionFactory cf = new ConnectionFactory();
cf.setHost(rmqServerIP);
cf.setPort(rmqServerPort);
connection = cf.newConnection();
}
@SuppressWarnings("finally")
public Channel createChannel() {
Channel channel = null;
try {
channel = connection.createChannel();
} catch (ShutdownSignalException e1) {
} catch (IOException e) {
}
return channel;
}
public void shutdown() throws IOException {
if (connection != null)
connection.close();
}
<pre name="code" class="java">
这边可以设置监听，是否连接断掉connection.addShutdownListener(shutdoenListner);//如果断掉，可以继续连接
2）实现生产者
在SpringMVC配置文件XML中加入，把global.properties文件读出来并设置值
<bean id="rmqProducer" class="cn.test.rabbitmq.RmqProducer">
<property name="rmqServerIP" value="${rmq.ip}" />
<property name="rmqServerPort" value="${rmq.port}" />
<property name="threadPoolNum" value="${rmq.producer.num}" />
<property name="exchange" value="testExchange" />
<property name="exchangeType" value="topic" />
</bean>/**
* 生产着
*
*/
public class RmqProducer implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean
{
private String rmqServerIP;//ip地址
private int rmqServerPort;//端口
private int threadPoolNum;//线程数
private String exchangeType;//类型
private String exchange;//交换器
private ConnectionManage connectManage;
private Channel channel;
/**
* 初始化
*/
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception
{
//创建连接管理器
connectManage=new ConnectionManage(rmqServerIP,rmqServerPort);
boolean durable=true;//是否持久化
boolean autoDelete=false;//是否自动删除
Channel channel=connectManage.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchange, exchangeType, durable,autoDelete,null);
}
/**
* 发送信息
* @param msg
*/
public void sendMessage(final RabbitMessage msg)
{
channel.basicPublish(msg.getExchange(),msg.getRouteKey(),MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,msg.getSerialBytes());
}
/**
*
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception
{
connectManage.shutdown();
}
public String getRmqServerIP() {
return rmqServerIP;
}
public void setRmqServerIP(String rmqServerIP) {
this.rmqServerIP = rmqServerIP;
}
public String getExchangeType() {
return exchangeType;
}
public void setExchangeType(String exchangeType) {
this.exchangeType = exchangeType;
}
public int getRmqServerPort() {
return rmqServerPort;
}
public void setRmqServerPort(int rmqServerPort) {
this.rmqServerPort = rmqServerPort;
}
public String getExchange() {
return exchange;
}
public void setExchange(String exchange) {
this.exchange = exchange;
}
}说明：
1）. channel.exchangeDeclare(exchange, exchangeType, durable,autoDelete,null);
exchange：交换机名字
exchangeType类型
durable是否持久化
autoDelete不使用时是否自动删除
2）.channel.basicPublish(msg.getExchange(),msg.getRouteKey(),MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,msg.getSerialBytes());
exchange：交换机名字
routeKey：路由关键字
msg.getSerialBytes() :消息主体
Channel是线程好全的，但是最好是每个线程里用自己的Channel，因为在单个Channel里排队是有可能慢一些的。所以我们可以采用多线程处理，每个线程对应Channel，这样速度会比较快，具体实现：
java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService多线程的管理和实现，上一篇有介绍
ConcurrentHashMap允许多个修改操作并发进行，其关键在于使用了锁分离技术
//每个线程对应Channel
//启动线程池
channelManager=new ConcurrentHashMap<Thread, Channel>();
threadPool=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadPoolNum, new ThreadFactory(){
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r)
{
Thread thread=new Thread(r);
Channel channel = connectManage.createChannel();
if(channel!=null)
channelManager.put(thread, channel);//创建线程和channel对应起来
return thread;
}
});//采用自己的Channel来发送消息
Runnable runnable=new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run()
{
Thread thread=Thread.currentThread();
Channel channel=channelManager.get(thread);
if(channel!=null)
channelManager.put(thread, channel);
try {
channel.basicPublish(msg.getExchange(),msg.getRouteKey(),MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,msg.getSerialBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
threadPool.execute(runnable);测试类：
@Test
public void test() throws IOException
{
String exchange="testExchange";交换器
String routeKey="testQueue";//队列
//参数
Map<String,Object> param=new HashMap<String, Object>();
param.put("data","hello");
RabbitMessage msg=new RabbitMessage(exchange,routeKey, param);
//发送消息
rmqProducer.sendMessage(msg);
}
2.消费者
采用多线程进行处理消息，这样每个线程对应Channel，处理速度会比较快。
在SpringMVC配置文件XML中加入，把global.properties文件读出来并设置值
<bean id="consumer" class="cn.test.rabbitmq.RmqConsumerSerial">
<property name="rmqServerIp" value="${rmq.ip}"></property>
<property name="rmqServerPort" value="${rmq.port}"/>
<property name="exchange" value="testExchange"></property>
<property name="threadPoolNum" value="${rmq.producer.num}"/>
<property name="queueName" value="testQueue"></property>
<property name="exchangeType" value="topic"/>
<property name="qos" value="1"></property>
</bean>实现消费者
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception
{
start();
}
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception
{
stop();
}
public void start() throws IOException
{
connectManage=new ConnectionManage(rmqServerIp,rmqServerPort,threadPoolNum);
//向rmq创建exchange，queue
boolean durable=true,exclusive=false,autoDelete=false;
Channel channel=connectManage.createChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchange, exchangeType, durable,autoDelete,null);
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, durable, exclusive, autoDelete, null);
channel.queueBind(queueName, exchange, routeKey);
channel.close();
//启动线程池
channelManager=new HashMap<Thread, Channel>();
threadPool=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(threadPoolNum, new ThreadFactory(){
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r)
{
Thread thread=new Thread(r);
try {
Channel channel = connectManage.createChannel();
if(channel!=null)
{
channelManager.put(thread, channel);
channel.basicQos(qos);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.warn(e.getMessage());
}
return thread;
}
});
for(int i=0;i<threadPoolNum;i++)
threadPool.execute(getRunable());
}
protected Runnable getRunable(){
return new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run()
{
Thread thread=Thread.currentThread();
final Channel channel=channelManager.get(thread);
boolean autoAck=false;
DefaultConsumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag,
Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties,
byte[] body)
throws IOException
{
long deliveryTag = envelope.getDeliveryTag();
boolean suc=false;
ObjectInputStream ois=new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(body));
try {
Object obj=ois.readObject();
RabbitMessage rmqMsg = RabbitMessage.class.cast(obj);
Object[] objs=rmqMsg.getParams();
System.out.println("rmqMsg.getParams()=="+rmqMsg.getParams()[0].toString());
suc=true;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
if(suc)
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
else
channel.basicNack(deliveryTag, false,true);
}
};
try {
channel.basicConsume(queueName, autoAck, consumer);
}catch (IOException e) {
logger.warn(e.getMessage());
}
}
};
}
说明：
1）channel.queueDeclare().getQueue() 得到的是一个随机queue，断开连接后即删除。
2）channel.basicQos(qos) 设置最大的投送字节数
3）channel.basicNack(deliveryTag, false,true);false代表失败，true是要重新发送，
结果：可以通过反射机制进行调用具体的类，来根据不同的队列来处理不同的信息。
总结：
这边RabbitMQ与SpringMVC配置，没用到SpringMVC里的RabbitMQ，下一篇会介绍。
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