ym——Android从零开始(29)(Bluetooth2.0+4.0)(新)

转载请注明本文出自Cym的博客（http://blog.csdn.net/cym492224103），谢谢支持！ Bluetooth蓝牙 2.0 本章讲解的是蓝牙2.0通讯，如想学习蓝牙4.0通讯：点击查看 蓝牙，是一种支持设备短距离通信（一般10m内）的无线电技术。能在包括移动电话、PDA、无线耳机、笔记本电脑、相关外设等众多设备之间进行无线信息交换。 蓝牙标识的来源 蓝牙这个标志的设计：它取自Harald Bluetooth 名字中的「H」和「B」。蓝牙标志的来历个字母，用古北欧字母来表示，将这两者结合起来，就成为了蓝牙的 logo Android包含了对蓝牙网络协议栈的支持，这使得安卓程序之间能够通过手机蓝牙无线连接交换数据。Android的应用程序框架提供了访问蓝牙功能的APIs。这些APIs让应用程序能够无线连接其他蓝牙设备，实现点对点，或点对多点的无线交互功能。 使用蓝牙APIs，一个Android应用程序能够实现下列功能： 获得本地蓝牙适配器( local Bluetooth adapter )用于配对蓝牙设备 扫描其他蓝牙设备； 通过服务发现(service discovery)连接其他设备； 建立RFCOMM信道(channels)； 数据通信； 使用蓝牙功能，我们至少需要声明两方面的权限：BLUETOOTH和BLUETOOTH_ADMIN BLUETOOTH权限实现蓝牙通信，例如请求一个连接、接受一个连接和传输数据 BLUETOOTH_ADMIN权限，初始化device discovery或者管理蓝牙设置(Bluetooth settings)。大多数应用程序必须具有这个权限才能够发现本地蓝牙设备。 在manifest文件中声明程序的蓝牙权限: <uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> <uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> 蓝牙基本代码开启蓝牙 核心代码: //获得蓝牙适配器 ba=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); //如果蓝牙不可用，设置其可用 if(!ba.isEnabled()){ //三种开启方式 任选一种即可 //1 ba.enable(); //2 Intent intent = newIntent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION,300); startActivity(intent); //3 Intent in=new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); startActivity(in); } //设置蓝牙可见。 if(ba.getScanMode()!=BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE){ Intent in=new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); //设置蓝牙在300秒之内可被发现 in.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300); startActivity(in); } 关闭蓝牙 public void close(View v){ BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter =BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if(bluetoothAdapter != null){ if(bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){ //关闭 bluetoothAdapter.disable(); } } } 获得已有的连接蓝牙 public void get(View v){ BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter =BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if(bluetoothAdapter != null){ if(!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){ bluetoothAdapter.enable(); } Set<BluetoothDevice>devices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices(); for(BluetoothDevicedevice:devices){ Log.i("i","name:"+device.getName()+",address:"+device.getAddress()); } } } 扫描可用的蓝牙 public void scan(View v){ BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter =BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if(bluetoothAdapter != null){ if(!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){ bluetoothAdapter.enable(); } //开始扫描 bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); //注册广播接收者 IntentFilterfilter = new IntentFilter(); //发现蓝牙设备 filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); //扫描完成 filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); registerReceiver(newMyReceiver(), filter); } } private class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent) { //TODO Auto-generated method stub Stringaction = intent.getAction(); if(action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)){ BluetoothDevice device =intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); Log.i("i","name:"+device.getName()+",address:"+device.getAddress()); }elseif(action.equals(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED)){ Log.i("i", "扫描完成"); } } } 蓝牙通讯 UUID要一样一样的（类似于网络编程IP地址） 客户端 要进行蓝牙通信服务端完成下面五个步骤： 增加权限 启动蓝牙 创建ServerSocket监听本地蓝牙、等待连接 接收连接，创建Socket 数据通信 public class Test_2_14_serverActivity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){ public void handleMessage(Message msg){ Toast.makeText(Test_2_14_serverActivity.this, "下载完成", 1).show(); }; }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // 得到蓝牙 BluetoothAdapter ba =BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (ba != null) { if (!ba.isEnabled()) { ba.enable(); } try { // 创建蓝牙服务器 final BluetoothServerSocket bss = ba .listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord( "jky", UUID.fromString("974E7FCD-7FD8-AD1B-C160-A2023FD216B9")); new Thread() { public void run() { while (true) { // 等待 客户蓝牙 try { BluetoothSocket bs =bss.accept(); // 拿到客户蓝牙传输过来的流 InputStream is =bs.getInputStream(); // 准备一个输出流写入本地sdcard下面 File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"jky.mp3"); OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1) { os.write(buffer, 0, len); } os.close(); is.close(); Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(); msg.sendToTarget(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }; }.start(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } } 客户端需要完成以下五个步骤 增加权限 启动蓝牙 查找可连接蓝牙设备 请求连接远程蓝牙设备，获得Socket 数据通信 public class Test_2_14_clienActivity extends Activity implements OnItemClickListener{ /** Called when the activity is first created. */ private List<BluetoothDevice>devices = newArrayList<BluetoothDevice>(); private ListView lv; private MyAdapter adapter; private BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice; private TextView tv_song_name; private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){ @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "OK", 1).show(); } }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); adapter = new MyAdapter(); lv = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv); lv.setAdapter(adapter); lv.setOnItemClickListener(this); tv_song_name = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tv_song_name); } private class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{ @Override public int getCount() { // TODO Auto-generated methodstub return devices.size(); } @Override public Object getItem(int position) { // TODO Auto-generated methodstub return devices.get(position); } @Override public long getItemId(int position) { // TODO Auto-generated methodstub return position; } @Override public View getView(int position, ViewconvertView, ViewGroup parent) { // TODO Auto-generated methodstub View view = null; ViewHolder Holder = null; if(convertView == null) { Holder = new ViewHolder(); view =getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.main_item, null); Holder.name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name); Holder.address = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_address); view.setTag(Holder); }else { view = convertView; Holder = (ViewHolder)view.getTag(); } BluetoothDevice bd = devices.get(position); Holder.name.setText(bd.getName()); Holder.address.setText(bd.getAddress()); return view; } private class ViewHolder { TextView name; TextView address; } } public void send(View v) { BluetoothAdapterba = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if(ba!=null){ if(!ba.isEnabled()) { ba.enable(); } new Thread(){ public void run() { try { // 生成一个蓝牙客户端 BluetoothSocket bs = bluetoothDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("5EDE275A-050B-D2A0-01F3-89494A5399AC")); // 连接 bs.connect(); // 拿到路径 String name = tv_song_name.getText().toString(); // 找到本地文件 File file = new File(name); InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file); // 写出去 OutputStream os =bs.getOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len = 0; while((len = is.read(buffer))!= -1) { Log.i("i", "写写写"); os.write(buffer, 0, len); } os.close(); is.close(); Log.i("i", "写写写完"); Message obtainMessage = mHandler.obtainMessage(); obtainMessage.sendToTarget(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } }; }.start(); } } public void query(View v){ devices.clear(); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); bluetoothDevice = null; BluetoothAdapterba = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if(ba != null) { if(!ba.isEnabled()) { ba.enable(); } // 查询现有蓝牙 ba.startDiscovery(); IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED); registerReceiver(new MyReceiver(), filter); } } // 查询歌曲广播接受者 private class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context,Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated methodstub String action = intent.getAction(); if(action.equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND)) { BluetoothDevice bd = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); devices.add(bd); adapter.notifyDataSetChanged(); } } } @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { bluetoothDevice = devices.get(position); } } 课后问题： 1.蓝牙主要是用于什么方面？ 通讯 2.BluetoothAdapter和BluetoothDevices两个类    分别表示什么？ 本机蓝牙、发现的蓝牙