1、概述
本代码实现了一个muxer并加入到ffmpeg的AVOutputFormat 链表中去，使代码能直接调用。实现的意义一是了解ffmpeg代码结构，二是可以自己整自己的视频格式，让别人播放不了。
2、代码
简单看下代码：
/*
*本程序主要实现一个自己的muxer并加入到muxer链中去，使其可用,只有视频
*作者：缪国凯（MK）
*821486004@qq.com
*2015-6-2
*/
#include "stdafx.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C"
{
#endif
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#
#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif
#pragma comment(lib, "avcodec.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "avformat.lib")
#pragma comment(lib, "avutil.lib")
//#pragma comment(lib, "avdevice.lib")
//#pragma comment(lib, "avfilter.lib")
//#pragma comment(lib, "postproc.lib")
//#pragma comment(lib, "swresample.lib")
//#pragma comment(lib, "swscale.lib")
int mk_write_header(struct AVFormatContext *fmt)
{
//这些地方就可以加入自己的格式定义
return 0;
}
int mk_write_packet(struct AVFormatContext *fmt, AVPacket *pkt)
{
avio_write(fmt->pb, pkt->data, pkt->size);//简单的用file协议写文件
return 0;
}
int mk_write_trailer(struct AVFormatContext *fmt)
{
//这些地方就可以加入自己的格式定义
return 0;
}
AVOutputFormat ff_mk_muxer =
{
/*.name = */"mk",
/*.long_name = */"mk (MK Video Container)",
/*.mime_type = */"mkvideo/x-msvideo",
/*.extensions = */"mk",
/*.audio_codec = */AV_CODEC_ID_NONE,
/*.video_codec = */AV_CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO,//这里先用ffmpeg自带的yuv编码器，以后改成自己的
/*.subtitle_codec = */AV_CODEC_ID_NONE,
/*.flags = */AVFMT_NOTIMESTAMPS,
/*.codec_tag = */NULL,
/*.priv_class = */NULL,
/*.next = */NULL,
/*.priv_data_size = */0,
/*.write_header = */mk_write_header,
/*.write_packet = */mk_write_packet,
/*.write_trailer = */mk_write_trailer,
};
void help()
{
printf("**********************************************\n");
printf("Usage:\n");
printf(" MyMuxer [inputfile] [outputfile.mk]\n");
printf("\n");
printf("Examples: \n");
printf(" MyMuxer a.avi a.mk\n");
printf("**********************************************\n");
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
if(argc < 3 || (!strcmp(argv[1],"--help")))
{
help();
return 0;
}
AVFormatContext *in_fxt = NULL, *out_fxt = NULL;
AVStream *out_stream = NULL;
int video_index = -1;
av_register_all();
av_register_output_format(&ff_mk_muxer);//把自己的muxer加入链表
if (avformat_open_input(&in_fxt, argv[1], NULL, NULL) < 0)
{
printf("can not open the input file context!\n");
goto end;
}
if (avformat_find_stream_info(in_fxt, NULL) < 0)
{
printf("can not find the stream info!\n");
goto end;
}
if(avformat_alloc_output_context2(&out_fxt, NULL, NULL, argv[2]) < 0)
{
printf("can not alloc output context!\n");
goto end;
}
for (int i = 0; i < in_fxt->nb_streams; i++)
{
if (in_fxt->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
{
//open decoder
if(0 > avcodec_open2(in_fxt->streams[i]->codec, avcodec_find_decoder(in_fxt->streams[i]->codec->codec_id), NULL))
{
printf("can not find or open decoder!\n");
goto end;
}
video_index = i;
//new stream
out_stream = avformat_new_stream(out_fxt, NULL);
if (!out_stream)
{
printf("can not new stream for output!\n");
goto end;
}
//set codec context param
out_stream->codec->codec = avcodec_find_encoder(out_fxt->oformat->video_codec);
out_stream->codec->height = in_fxt->streams[i]->codec->height;
out_stream->codec->width = in_fxt->streams[i]->codec->width;
out_stream->codec->time_base.num = in_fxt->streams[i]->avg_frame_rate.den;
out_stream->codec->time_base.den = in_fxt->streams[i]->avg_frame_rate.num;
out_stream->codec->sample_aspect_ratio = in_fxt->streams[i]->codec->sample_aspect_ratio;
out_stream->codec->pix_fmt = in_fxt->streams[i]->codec->pix_fmt;
if (!out_stream->codec->codec)
{
printf("can not find the encoder!\n");
goto end;
}
if ((avcodec_open2(out_stream->codec, out_stream->codec->codec, NULL)) < 0)
{
printf("can not open the encoder\n");
goto end;
}
if (out_fxt->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
out_stream->codec->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
break;
}
}
if (-1 == video_index)
{
printf("found no video stream in input file!\n");
goto end;
}
if (!(out_fxt->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
{
if(avio_open(&out_fxt->pb, argv[2], AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) < 0)
{
printf("can not open output file handle!\n");
goto end;
}
}
if(avformat_write_header(out_fxt, NULL) < 0)
{
printf("can not write the header of the output file!\n");
goto end;
}
AVPacket pkt_in, pkt_out;
AVFrame *frame;
frame = av_frame_alloc();
av_init_packet(&pkt_in);
av_init_packet(&pkt_out);
int got_frame, got_picture;
int i = 0, frame_index = 0;
while(1)
{
got_frame = -1;
got_picture = -1;
if (av_read_frame(in_fxt, &pkt_in) < 0)
{
break;
}
if (avcodec_decode_video2(in_fxt->streams[video_index]->codec, frame, &got_frame, &pkt_in) < 0)
{
printf("can not decoder a frame");
break;
}
av_free_packet(&pkt_in);
if (got_frame)
{
frame->pts = i++;
pkt_out.data = NULL;//主要这里必须自己初始化，或者必须置为null，不然ff_alloc_packet2函数会报错
pkt_out.size = 0;
if (avcodec_encode_video2(out_stream->codec, &pkt_out, frame, &got_picture) < 0)
{
printf("can not encode a frame!\n");
break;
}
if (got_picture)
{
printf("Succeed to encode frame: %5d\tsize:%5d\n",frame_index,pkt_out.size);
pkt_out.stream_index = out_stream->index;
frame_index++;
av_write_frame(out_fxt, &pkt_out);
av_free_packet(&pkt_out);
}
}
}
av_frame_free(&frame);
av_write_trailer(out_fxt);
//clean
avcodec_close(out_stream->codec);
avcodec_close(out_fxt->streams[video_index]->codec);
end:
avformat_close_input(&in_fxt);
if (out_fxt && !(out_fxt->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
{
avio_close(out_fxt->pb);
}
avformat_free_context(out_fxt);
return 0;
}3、解释
简单说下基本原理。
首先自己实现一个AVOutputFormat，然后把这个muxer加入到链表中去，其他的根本不用自己管了，ffmpeg这套框架做的的确很漂亮，会一层层的掉用到你的muxer来，函数avformat_alloc_output_context2会根据输入的格式或后缀来在AVOutputFormat链中查找最适合的muxer，并把这个muxer的指针用oformat保存，下面看看格式匹配的代码：
AVOutputFormat *av_guess_format(const char *short_name, const char *filename,
const char *mime_type)
{
AVOutputFormat *fmt = NULL, *fmt_found;
int score_max, score;
/* specific test for image sequences */
#if CONFIG_IMAGE2_MUXER
if (!short_name && filename &&
av_filename_number_test(filename) &&
ff_guess_image2_codec(filename) != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
return av_guess_format("image2", NULL, NULL);
}
#endif
/* Find the proper file type. */
fmt_found = NULL;
score_max = 0;
while ((fmt = av_oformat_next(fmt))) {
score = 0;
if (fmt->name && short_name && av_match_name(short_name, fmt->name))
score += 100;
if (fmt->mime_type && mime_type && !strcmp(fmt->mime_type, mime_type))
score += 10;
if (filename && fmt->extensions &&
av_match_ext(filename, fmt->extensions)) {
score += 5;
}
if (score > score_max) {
score_max = score;
fmt_found = fmt;
}
}
return fmt_found;
}再来看看avformat_write_header的代码：
int avformat_write_header(AVFormatContext *s, AVDictionary **options)
{
int ret = 0;
if (ret = init_muxer(s, options))
return ret;
if (s->oformat->write_header) {
ret = s->oformat->write_header(s);
if (ret >= 0 && s->pb && s->pb->error < 0)
ret = s->pb->error;
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
if (s->flush_packets && s->pb && s->pb->error >= 0 && s->flags & AVFMT_FLAG_FLUSH_PACKETS)
avio_flush(s->pb);
}
if ((ret = init_pts(s)) < 0)
return ret;
if (s->avoid_negative_ts < 0) {
av_assert2(s->avoid_negative_ts == AVFMT_AVOID_NEG_TS_AUTO);
if (s->oformat->flags & (AVFMT_TS_NEGATIVE | AVFMT_NOTIMESTAMPS)) {
s->avoid_negative_ts = 0;
} else
s->avoid_negative_ts = AVFMT_AVOID_NEG_TS_MAKE_NON_NEGATIVE;
}
return 0;
}再看 av_write_frame的代码：
int av_write_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
int ret;
ret = check_packet(s, pkt);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
if (!pkt) {
if (s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_ALLOW_FLUSH) {
ret = s->oformat->write_packet(s, NULL);
if (s->flush_packets && s->pb && s->pb->error >= 0 && s->flags & AVFMT_FLAG_FLUSH_PACKETS)
avio_flush(s->pb);
if (ret >= 0 && s->pb && s->pb->error < 0)
ret = s->pb->error;
return ret;
}
return 1;
}
ret = compute_pkt_fields2(s, s->streams[pkt->stream_index], pkt);
if (ret < 0 && !(s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOTIMESTAMPS))
return ret;
ret = write_packet(s, pkt);
if (ret >= 0 && s->pb && s->pb->error < 0)
ret = s->pb->error;
if (ret >= 0)
s->streams[pkt->stream_index]->nb_frames++;
return ret;
}会调用oformat的 write_packet。
最后看看av_write_trailer的代码：
int av_write_trailer(AVFormatContext *s)
{
int ret, i;
for (;; ) {
AVPacket pkt;
ret = interleave_packet(s, &pkt, NULL, 1);
if (ret < 0)
goto fail;
if (!ret)
break;
ret = write_packet(s, &pkt);
if (ret >= 0)
s->streams[pkt.stream_index]->nb_frames++;
av_free_packet(&pkt);
if (ret < 0)
goto fail;
if(s->pb && s->pb->error)
goto fail;
}
fail:
if (s->oformat->write_trailer)
if (ret >= 0) {
ret = s->oformat->write_trailer(s);
} else {
s->oformat->write_trailer(s);
}
if (s->pb)
avio_flush(s->pb);
if (ret == 0)
ret = s->pb ? s->pb->error : 0;
for (i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) {
av_freep(&s->streams[i]->priv_data);
av_freep(&s->streams[i]->index_entries);
}
if (s->oformat->priv_class)
av_opt_free(s->priv_data);
av_freep(&s->priv_data);
return ret;
}会调用oformat的 write_trailer。
所以说，只要你按照ffmpeg的格式去定义muxer并加入链表，其他的都不用管了。
最后验证一下你的结果，运行程序随便转一个结果出来，把后缀.mk改为.yuv，用yuv播放器放一下，ok了，大功告成。下一篇介绍如何把这个muxer加入ffmpeg源码，使ffmpeg命令行可以用这个muxer。
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