通过前一篇文章emmc/sd 区块层解析，我们大概知道了emmc块设备驱动层的内容，记得还有一些未解的问题。
不管怎样，我们还是从croe.c入手。
一、mmc_init
如果您看过emmc/sd驱动总线简析这篇文章，我估计您看到这个标题，应该会有印象，总线就是在这个函数里面加载到内核的。
现在我们关注的是核心层的东西，既然前面已经讲过总线的注册，那么我们就来分析下其它的部分。
上代码：
static int __init mmc_init(void)
{
int ret;
workqueue = alloc_ordered_workqueue("kmmcd", 0);
if (!workqueue)
return -ENOMEM;
ret = mmc_register_bus();
if (ret)
goto destroy_workqueue;
ret = mmc_register_host_class();
if (ret)
goto unregister_bus;
ret = sdio_register_bus();
if (ret)
goto unregister_host_class;
return 0;
unregister_host_class:
mmc_unregister_host_class();
unregister_bus:
mmc_unregister_bus();
destroy_workqueue:
destroy_workqueue(workqueue);
return ret;
}
第9--12行，注册总线，之前已经讲过；
第13--16行，向注册了一个名为“mmc_host”的类，暂时没搞懂。
第17--19行，注册了一个sdio的东西，sdio是sd的I/O扩展，可以接外围设备。
后面的就是相关错误处理。
二、解答在card模块中的疑问
欠债是要还的，我们来还一下在emmc/sd 区块层解析中欠下的债。
2.1、mmc_claim_host
/**
* mmc_claim_host - exclusively claim a host
* @host: mmc host to claim
*
* Claim a host for a set of operations.
*/
static inline void mmc_claim_host(struct mmc_host *host)
{
__mmc_claim_host(host, NULL);
}int __mmc_claim_host(struct mmc_host *host, atomic_t *abort)
{
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
unsigned long flags;
int stop;
might_sleep();
add_wait_queue(&host->wq, &wait);
spin_lock_irqsave(&host->lock, flags);
while (1) {
set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
stop = abort ? atomic_read(abort) : 0;
if (stop || !host->claimed || host->claimer == current)
break;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&host->lock, flags);
schedule();
spin_lock_irqsave(&host->lock, flags);
}
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
if (!stop) {
host->claimed = 1;
host->claimer = current;
host->claim_cnt += 1;
} else
wake_up(&host->wq);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&host->lock, flags);
remove_wait_queue(&host->wq, &wait);
if (host->ops->enable && !stop && host->claim_cnt == 1)
host->ops->enable(host);
return stop;
}
第7行：内核函数，是否需要休眠；
第9行：将host的请求加入等待队列；
第12行：设置当前进程等待队列不可以被信号唤醒，只可以背wake_up唤醒；
第14--18行：判断当前进程是否休眠
由mmc_claim_host才进来的参数可知，abort为NULL，所以stop为0
host的claimed表示host是否被占用
host的claimer表示被占用的进程
由此可知，如果host没被占用，或者被本进程占用就会跳出while循环，否则调用内核函数schedule，设置本进程休眠；
第20行：设置进程为运行态；
第21行到24行设置当前host被占用，且是被本进程占用；
如果不执行第21行的if，则进入第26行；
第26行：唤醒本进程的等待队列；
第28行：干掉等待队列；
第29--30行：如果当前host可用，且只被当前进程占用，则使能host；
host->ops->enable(host);具体是干什么呢？看一下ops是什么？
ops定义在mmc_host中：const struct mmc_host_ops *ops;
那么mmc_host_ops 是什么？
struct mmc_host_ops {
/*
* 'enable' is called when the host is claimed and 'disable' is called
* when the host is released. 'enable' and 'disable' are deprecated.
*/
int (*enable)(struct mmc_host *host);
int (*disable)(struct mmc_host *host);
/*
* It is optional for the host to implement pre_req and post_req in
* order to support double buffering of requests (prepare one
* request while another request is active).
* pre_req() must always be followed by a post_req().
* To undo a call made to pre_req(), call post_req() with
* a nonzero err condition.
*/
void (*post_req)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *req,
int err);
void (*pre_req)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *req,
bool is_first_req);
void (*request)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *req);
/*
* Avoid calling these three functions too often or in a "fast path",
* since underlaying controller might implement them in an expensive
* and/or slow way.
*
* Also note that these functions might sleep, so don't call them
* in the atomic contexts!
*
* Return values for the get_ro callback should be:
* 0 for a read/write card
* 1 for a read-only card
* -ENOSYS when not supported (equal to NULL callback)
* or a negative errno value when something bad happened
*
* Return values for the get_cd callback should be:
* 0 for a absent card
* 1 for a present card
* -ENOSYS when not supported (equal to NULL callback)
* or a negative errno value when something bad happened
*/
void (*set_ios)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_ios *ios);
int (*get_ro)(struct mmc_host *host);
int (*get_cd)(struct mmc_host *host);
void (*enable_sdio_irq)(struct mmc_host *host, int enable);
/* optional callback for HC quirks */
void (*init_card)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_card *card);
int (*start_signal_voltage_switch)(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_ios *ios);
/* Check if the card is pulling dat[0:3] low */
int (*card_busy)(struct mmc_host *host);
/* The tuning command opcode value is different for SD and eMMC cards */
int (*execute_tuning)(struct mmc_host *host, u32 opcode);
int (*select_drive_strength)(unsigned int max_dtr, int host_drv, int card_drv);
void (*hw_reset)(struct mmc_host *host);
void (*card_event)(struct mmc_host *host);
};又欠一份债：1@mmc_host的ops的具体实现
mmc_claim_host分析完毕。
2.2、mmc_release_host
/**
* mmc_release_host - release a host
* @host: mmc host to release
*
* Release a MMC host, allowing others to claim the host
* for their operations.
*/
void mmc_release_host(struct mmc_host *host)
{
unsigned long flags;
WARN_ON(!host->claimed);
if (host->ops->disable && host->claim_cnt == 1)
host->ops->disable(host);
spin_lock_irqsave(&host->lock, flags);
if (--host->claim_cnt) {
/* Release for nested claim */
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&host->lock, flags);
} else {
host->claimed = 0;
host->claimer = NULL;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&host->lock, flags);
wake_up(&host->wq);
}
}2.3、mmc_erase
/**
* mmc_erase - erase sectors.
* @card: card to erase
* @from: first sector to erase
* @nr: number of sectors to erase
* @arg: erase command argument (SD supports only %MMC_ERASE_ARG)
*
* Caller must claim host before calling this function.
*/
int mmc_erase(struct mmc_card *card, unsigned int from, unsigned int nr,
unsigned int arg)
{
unsigned int rem, to = from + nr;
if (!(card->host->caps & MMC_CAP_ERASE) ||
!(card->csd.cmdclass & CCC_ERASE))
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
if (!card->erase_size)
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
if (mmc_card_sd(card) && arg != MMC_ERASE_ARG)
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
if ((arg & MMC_SECURE_ARGS) &&
!(card->ext_csd.sec_feature_support & EXT_CSD_SEC_ER_EN))
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
if ((arg & MMC_TRIM_ARGS) &&
!(card->ext_csd.sec_feature_support & EXT_CSD_SEC_GB_CL_EN))
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
if (arg == MMC_SECURE_ERASE_ARG) {
if (from % card->erase_size || nr % card->erase_size)
return -EINVAL;
}
if (arg == MMC_ERASE_ARG) {
rem = from % card->erase_size;
if (rem) {
rem = card->erase_size - rem;
from += rem;
if (nr > rem)
nr -= rem;
else
return 0;
}
rem = nr % card->erase_size;
if (rem)
nr -= rem;
}
if (nr == 0)
return 0;
to = from + nr;
if (to <= from)
return -EINVAL;
/* 'from' and 'to' are inclusive */
to -= 1;
return mmc_do_erase(card, from, to, arg);
}功能：通过注释可以知道，该函数根据参数完成指定位置指定大小的擦除，或者根据arg命令进行操作。
第15--17行：判断是否支持容量擦除和命令擦除，关于MMC_CAP_ERASE，在代码中找到以下宏，具体什么意思看注释，再深层次的我暂时解释不了
#define MMC_CAP_4_BIT_DATA (1 << 0) /* Can the host do 4 bit transfers */
#define MMC_CAP_MMC_HIGHSPEED (1 << 1) /* Can do MMC high-speed timing */
#define MMC_CAP_SD_HIGHSPEED (1 << 2) /* Can do SD high-speed timing */
#define MMC_CAP_SDIO_IRQ (1 << 3) /* Can signal pending SDIO IRQs */
#define MMC_CAP_SPI (1 << 4) /* Talks only SPI protocols */
#define MMC_CAP_NEEDS_POLL (1 << 5) /* Needs polling for card-detection */
#define MMC_CAP_8_BIT_DATA (1 << 6) /* Can the host do 8 bit transfers */
#define MMC_CAP_AGGRESSIVE_PM (1 << 7) /* Suspend (e)MMC/SD at idle */
#define MMC_CAP_NONREMOVABLE (1 << 8) /* Nonremovable e.g. eMMC */
#define MMC_CAP_WAIT_WHILE_BUSY (1 << 9) /* Waits while card is busy */
#define MMC_CAP_ERASE (1 << 10) /* Allow erase/trim commands */
#define MMC_CAP_1_8V_DDR (1 << 11) /* can support */
/* DDR mode at 1.8V */
#define MMC_CAP_1_2V_DDR (1 << 12) /* can support */
/* DDR mode at 1.2V */
#define MMC_CAP_POWER_OFF_CARD (1 << 13) /* Can power off after boot */
#define MMC_CAP_BUS_WIDTH_TEST (1 << 14) /* CMD14/CMD19 bus width ok */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR12 (1 << 15) /* Host supports UHS SDR12 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR25 (1 << 16) /* Host supports UHS SDR25 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR50 (1 << 17) /* Host supports UHS SDR50 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_SDR104 (1 << 18) /* Host supports UHS SDR104 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_UHS_DDR50 (1 << 19) /* Host supports UHS DDR50 mode */
#define MMC_CAP_RUNTIME_RESUME (1 << 20) /* Resume at runtime_resume. */
#define MMC_CAP_DRIVER_TYPE_A (1 << 23) /* Host supports Driver Type A */
#define MMC_CAP_DRIVER_TYPE_C (1 << 24) /* Host supports Driver Type C */
#define MMC_CAP_DRIVER_TYPE_D (1 << 25) /* Host supports Driver Type D */
#define MMC_CAP_CMD23 (1 << 30) /* CMD23 supported. */
#define MMC_CAP_HW_RESET (1 << 31) /* Hardware reset */
u32 caps2; /* More host capabilities */
#define MMC_CAP2_BOOTPART_NOACC (1 << 0) /* Boot partition no access */
#define MMC_CAP2_CACHE_CTRL (1 << 1) /* Allow cache control */
#define MMC_CAP2_FULL_PWR_CYCLE (1 << 2) /* Can do full power cycle */
#define MMC_CAP2_NO_MULTI_READ (1 << 3) /* Multiblock reads don't work */
#define MMC_CAP2_NO_SLEEP_CMD (1 << 4) /* Don't allow sleep command */
#define MMC_CAP2_HS200_1_8V_SDR (1 << 5) /* can support */
#define MMC_CAP2_HS200_1_2V_SDR (1 << 6) /* can support */
#define MMC_CAP2_HS200 (MMC_CAP2_HS200_1_8V_SDR | \
MMC_CAP2_HS200_1_2V_SDR)
#define MMC_CAP2_BROKEN_VOLTAGE (1 << 7) /* Use the broken voltage */
#define MMC_CAP2_HC_ERASE_SZ (1 << 9) /* High-capacity erase size */
#define MMC_CAP2_CD_ACTIVE_HIGH (1 << 10) /* Card-detect signal active high */
#define MMC_CAP2_RO_ACTIVE_HIGH (1 << 11) /* Write-protect signal active high */
#define MMC_CAP2_PACKED_RD (1 << 12) /* Allow packed read */
#define MMC_CAP2_PACKED_WR (1 << 13) /* Allow packed write */
#define MMC_CAP2_PACKED_CMD (MMC_CAP2_PACKED_RD | \
MMC_CAP2_PACKED_WR)
#define MMC_CAP2_NO_PRESCAN_POWERUP (1 << 14) /* Don't power up before scan */
#define MMC_CAP2_SANITIZE (1 << 15) /* Support Sanitize *//*
* Card Command Classes (CCC)
*/
#define CCC_BASIC (1<<0) /* (0) Basic protocol functions */
/* (CMD0,1,2,3,4,7,9,10,12,13,15) */
/* (and for SPI, CMD58,59) */
#define CCC_STREAM_READ (1<<1) /* (1) Stream read commands */
/* (CMD11) */
#define CCC_BLOCK_READ (1<<2) /* (2) Block read commands */
/* (CMD16,17,18) */
#define CCC_STREAM_WRITE (1<<3) /* (3) Stream write commands */
/* (CMD20) */
#define CCC_BLOCK_WRITE (1<<4) /* (4) Block write commands */
/* (CMD16,24,25,26,27) */
#define CCC_ERASE (1<<5) /* (5) Ability to erase blocks */
/* (CMD32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39) */
#define CCC_WRITE_PROT (1<<6) /* (6) Able to write protect blocks */
/* (CMD28,29,30) */
#define CCC_LOCK_CARD (1<<7) /* (7) Able to lock down card */
/* (CMD16,CMD42) */
#define CCC_APP_SPEC (1<<8) /* (8) Application specific */
/* (CMD55,56,57,ACMD*) */
#define CCC_IO_MODE (1<<9) /* (9) I/O mode */
/* (CMD5,39,40,52,53) */
#define CCC_SWITCH (1<<10) /* (10) High speed switch */
/* (CMD6,34,35,36,37,50) */
/* (11) Reserved */
/* (CMD?) */第19--20行：如果card配置的每次擦除的sector数为0，直接返回；
第22--23行：前面函数在解释arg时，已经说明，如果card为sd卡，则arg必须为MMC_ERASE_ARG
第25--36行：检查参数和card的配置是否匹配；
第38--51行：如果是MMC_ERASE_ARG，则特殊处理，下面举个例子：
当from=2，card->erase_size=3，nr=4时，此时擦除第3,4,5个索引的sector；
第58--59行：还是上面的参数，则擦除索引为2,3,4,5的sector。
第62行，表示索引从0开始，我们上面的操作已经是这么算的。
第64行，执行擦除，咱们来看下源码：
static int mmc_do_erase(struct mmc_card *card, unsigned int from,
unsigned int to, unsigned int arg)
{
struct mmc_command cmd = {0};
unsigned int qty = 0;
unsigned long timeout;
int err;
/*
* qty is used to calculate the erase timeout which depends on how many
* erase groups (or allocation units in SD terminology) are affected.
* We count erasing part of an erase group as one erase group.
* For SD, the allocation units are always a power of 2. For MMC, the
* erase group size is almost certainly also power of 2, but it does not
* seem to insist on that in the JEDEC standard, so we fall back to
* division in that case. SD may not specify an allocation unit size,
* in which case the timeout is based on the number of write blocks.
*
* Note that the timeout for secure trim 2 will only be correct if the
* number of erase groups specified is the same as the total of all
* preceding secure trim 1 commands. Since the power may have been
* lost since the secure trim 1 commands occurred, it is generally
* impossible to calculate the secure trim 2 timeout correctly.
*/
if (card->erase_shift)
qty += ((to >> card->erase_shift) -
(from >> card->erase_shift)) + 1;
else if (mmc_card_sd(card))
qty += to - from + 1;
else
qty += ((to / card->erase_size) -
(from / card->erase_size)) + 1;
if (!mmc_card_blockaddr(card)) {
from <<= 9;
to <<= 9;
}
if (mmc_card_sd(card))
cmd.opcode = SD_ERASE_WR_BLK_START;
else
cmd.opcode = MMC_ERASE_GROUP_START;
cmd.arg = from;
cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_SPI_R1 | MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(card->host, &cmd, 0);
if (err) {
pr_err("mmc_erase: group start error %d, "
"status %#x\n", err, cmd.resp[0]);
err = -EIO;
goto out;
}
memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(struct mmc_command));
if (mmc_card_sd(card))
cmd.opcode = SD_ERASE_WR_BLK_END;
else
cmd.opcode = MMC_ERASE_GROUP_END;
cmd.arg = to;
cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_SPI_R1 | MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(card->host, &cmd, 0);
if (err) {
pr_err("mmc_erase: group end error %d, status %#x\n",
err, cmd.resp[0]);
err = -EIO;
goto out;
}
memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(struct mmc_command));
cmd.opcode = MMC_ERASE;
cmd.arg = arg;
cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_SPI_R1B | MMC_RSP_R1B | MMC_CMD_AC;
cmd.cmd_timeout_ms = mmc_erase_timeout(card, arg, qty);
err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(card->host, &cmd, 0);
if (err) {
pr_err("mmc_erase: erase error %d, status %#x\n",
err, cmd.resp[0]);
err = -EIO;
goto out;
}
if (mmc_host_is_spi(card->host))
goto out;
timeout = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(MMC_CORE_TIMEOUT_MS);
do {
memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(struct mmc_command));
cmd.opcode = MMC_SEND_STATUS;
cmd.arg = card->rca << 16;
cmd.flags = MMC_RSP_R1 | MMC_CMD_AC;
/* Do not retry else we can't see errors */
err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(card->host, &cmd, 0);
if (err || (cmd.resp[0] & 0xFDF92000)) {
pr_err("error %d requesting status %#x\n",
err, cmd.resp[0]);
err = -EIO;
goto out;
}
/* Timeout if the device never becomes ready for data and
* never leaves the program state.
*/
if (time_after(jiffies, timeout)) {
pr_err("%s: Card stuck in programming state! %s\n",
mmc_hostname(card->host), __func__);
err = -EIO;
goto out;
}
} while (!(cmd.resp[0] & R1_READY_FOR_DATA) ||
(R1_CURRENT_STATE(cmd.resp[0]) == R1_STATE_PRG));
out:
return err;
}第39行--42行：根据是否为sd卡来选择不同的命令，该命令用于设置擦除的起始块地址；
第43行--51行：设置擦除的起始块地址，这里面有用到一个函数：mmc_wait_for_cmd，毋庸置疑这个函数很重要，我们等下再看；
第52行--67行：设置擦除的结束块地址，这里也用到了这个函数：mmc_wait_for_cmd；
第68行--79行：擦除设定范围的块；用到函数mmc_wait_for_cmd；
第81行--82行：如果host是spi（串行外围接口），则直接返回；
第84行：计算超时时间；
第86行--97行：获取擦除操作的状态，用到函数mmc_wait_for_cmd；
第99--107行：超时处理；
mmc_do_erase函数分析完毕。
上面有个mmc_wait_for_cmd函数用到了四次，现在我们来看一下实现：
2.3.1、mmc_wait_for_cmd
/**
* mmc_wait_for_cmd - start a command and wait for completion
* @host: MMC host to start command
* @cmd: MMC command to start
* @retries: maximum number of retries
*
* Start a new MMC command for a host, and wait for the command
* to complete. Return any error that occurred while the command
* was executing. Do not attempt to parse the response.
*/
int mmc_wait_for_cmd(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_command *cmd, int retries)
{
struct mmc_request mrq = {NULL};
WARN_ON(!host->claimed);
memset(cmd->resp, 0, sizeof(cmd->resp));
cmd->retries = retries;
mrq.cmd = cmd;
cmd->data = NULL;
mmc_wait_for_req(host, &mrq);
return cmd->error;
}/**
* mmc_wait_for_req - start a request and wait for completion
* @host: MMC host to start command
* @mrq: MMC request to start
*
* Start a new MMC custom command request for a host, and wait
* for the command to complete. Does not attempt to parse the
* response.
*/
void mmc_wait_for_req(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq)
{
__mmc_start_req(host, mrq);
mmc_wait_for_req_done(host, mrq);
}static int __mmc_start_req(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq)
{
init_completion(&mrq->completion);
mrq->done = mmc_wait_done;
if (mmc_card_removed(host->card)) {
mrq->cmd->error = -ENOMEDIUM;
complete(&mrq->completion);
return -ENOMEDIUM;
}
mmc_start_request(host, mrq);
return 0;
}第4行：将设置等待的操作传递给done函数指针；
第5--9行：如果卡被移除，则返回错误；
第10行：发送请求命令：
static void
mmc_start_request(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MMC_DEBUG
unsigned int i, sz;
struct scatterlist *sg;
#endif
if (mrq->sbc) {
pr_debug("<%s: starting CMD%u arg %08x flags %08x>\n",
mmc_hostname(host), mrq->sbc->opcode,
mrq->sbc->arg, mrq->sbc->flags);
}
pr_debug("%s: starting CMD%u arg %08x flags %08x\n",
mmc_hostname(host), mrq->cmd->opcode,
mrq->cmd->arg, mrq->cmd->flags);
if (mrq->data) {
pr_debug("%s: blksz %d blocks %d flags %08x "
"tsac %d ms nsac %d\n",
mmc_hostname(host), mrq->data->blksz,
mrq->data->blocks, mrq->data->flags,
mrq->data->timeout_ns / 1000000,
mrq->data->timeout_clks);
}
if (mrq->stop) {
pr_debug("%s: CMD%u arg %08x flags %08x\n",
mmc_hostname(host), mrq->stop->opcode,
mrq->stop->arg, mrq->stop->flags);
}
WARN_ON(!host->claimed);
mrq->cmd->error = 0;
mrq->cmd->mrq = mrq;
if (mrq->data) {
BUG_ON(mrq->data->blksz > host->max_blk_size);
BUG_ON(mrq->data->blocks > host->max_blk_count);
BUG_ON(mrq->data->blocks * mrq->data->blksz >
host->max_req_size);
#ifdef CONFIG_MMC_DEBUG
sz = 0;
for_each_sg(mrq->data->sg, sg, mrq->data->sg_len, i)
sz += sg->length;
BUG_ON(sz != mrq->data->blocks * mrq->data->blksz);
#endif
mrq->cmd->data = mrq->data;
mrq->data->error = 0;
mrq->data->mrq = mrq;
if (mrq->stop) {
mrq->data->stop = mrq->stop;
mrq->stop->error = 0;
mrq->stop->mrq = mrq;
}
}
mmc_host_clk_hold(host);
led_trigger_event(host->led, LED_FULL);
host->ops->request(host, mrq);
}第62行：时钟使用计数加一；
第63行：设置led灯状态；
第64行：再次用到host的ops，记得在前面我已经用红色粗体字标记出来了，还说那是我在本文欠的第一笔账。
mmc_start_request分析完毕，再次来到mmc_wait_for_req，并且分析它的第二个函数：
static void mmc_wait_for_req_done(struct mmc_host *host,
struct mmc_request *mrq)
{
struct mmc_command *cmd;
while (1) {
wait_for_completion(&mrq->completion);
cmd = mrq->cmd;
/*
* If host has timed out waiting for the sanitize
* to complete, card might be still in programming state
* so let's try to bring the card out of programming
* state.
*/
if (cmd->sanitize_busy && cmd->error == -ETIMEDOUT) {
if (!mmc_interrupt_hpi(host->card)) {
pr_warning("%s: %s: Interrupted sanitize\n",
mmc_hostname(host), __func__);
cmd->error = 0;
break;
} else {
pr_err("%s: %s: Failed to interrupt sanitize\n",
mmc_hostname(host), __func__);
}
}
if (!cmd->error || !cmd->retries ||
mmc_card_removed(host->card))
break;
pr_debug("%s: req failed (CMD%u): %d, retrying...\n",
mmc_hostname(host), cmd->opcode, cmd->error);
cmd->retries--;
cmd->error = 0;
host->ops->request(host, mrq);
}
}第7行：完成机制等待函数，当请求函数完成请求后，就会置mrq->completion为完成状态，这样本函数的第7行以后的代码就得以执行；
第17--27行：如果前面请求发生了超时，而且系统设置了块请求优化选项，则使用中断的方式向主机发送优化请求；
第28--30行：如果前面请求失败了，或者是重试次数达到了上线，或者是卡被拔出了，则退出该函数；
第32--36行：重试前面失败的请求；
mmc_wait_for_req_done函数讲完了，那么mmc_wait_for_req函数也讲完了，那么mmc_wait_for_cmd函数也讲完了，那么mmc_do_erase也分析完了。
小结：mmc_do_erase最终调用了host->ops->request(host, mrq);来处理请求。
2.4、mmc_flush_cache
/*
* Flush the cache to the non-volatile storage.
*/
int mmc_flush_cache(struct mmc_card *card)
{
struct mmc_host *host = card->host;
int err = 0;
if (!(host->caps2 & MMC_CAP2_CACHE_CTRL))
return err;
if (mmc_card_mmc(card) &&
(card->ext_csd.cache_size > 0) &&
(card->ext_csd.cache_ctrl & 1)) {
err = mmc_switch(card, EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL,
EXT_CSD_FLUSH_CACHE, 1, 0);
if (err)
pr_err("%s: cache flush error %d\n",
mmc_hostname(card->host), err);
}
return err;
}第9行：如果容量缓存开关没打开，则直接返回；
第12--14行：如果是emmc且缓存区的容量大小大于0且缓存开关打开了，则执行mmc_switch:
参数EXT_CSD_CMD_SET_NORMAL：一个普通的设置命令；
参数EXT_CSD_FLUSH_CACHE：该命令是刷缓存的；
mmc_switch调用了__mmc_switch，其代码如下：
/**
* __mmc_switch - modify EXT_CSD register
* @card: the MMC card associated with the data transfer
* @set: cmd set values
* @index: EXT_CSD register index
* @value: value to program into EXT_CSD register
* @timeout_ms: timeout (ms) for operation performed by register write,
* timeout of zero implies maximum possible timeout
* @use_busy_signal: use the busy signal as response type
* @send_status: send status cmd to poll for busy
*
* Modifies the EXT_CSD register for selected card.
*/
int __mmc_switch(struct mmc_card *card, u8 set, u8 index, u8 value,
unsigned int timeout_ms, bool use_busy_signal, bool send_status)
{
int err;
struct mmc_command cmd = {0};
unsigned long timeout;
u32 status = 0;
bool ignore_crc = false;
BUG_ON(!card);
BUG_ON(!card->host);
cmd.opcode = MMC_SWITCH;
cmd.arg = (MMC_SWITCH_MODE_WRITE_BYTE << 24) |
(index << 16) |
(value << 8) |
set;
cmd.flags = MMC_CMD_AC;
if (use_busy_signal)
cmd.flags |= MMC_RSP_SPI_R1B | MMC_RSP_R1B;
else
cmd.flags |= MMC_RSP_SPI_R1 | MMC_RSP_R1;
cmd.cmd_timeout_ms = timeout_ms;
if (index == EXT_CSD_SANITIZE_START)
cmd.sanitize_busy = true;
err = mmc_wait_for_cmd(card->host, &cmd, MMC_CMD_RETRIES);
if (err)
return err;
/* No need to check card status in case of unblocking command */
if (!use_busy_signal)
return 0;
/*
* Must check status to be sure of no errors
* If CMD13 is to check the busy completion of the timing change,
* disable the check of CRC error.
*/
if (index == EXT_CSD_HS_TIMING &&
!(card->host->caps & MMC_CAP_WAIT_WHILE_BUSY))
ignore_crc = true;
timeout = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(MMC_OPS_TIMEOUT_MS);
do {
if (send_status) {
err = __mmc_send_status(card, &status, ignore_crc);
if (err)
return err;
}
if (card->host->caps & MMC_CAP_WAIT_WHILE_BUSY)
break;
if (mmc_host_is_spi(card->host))
break;
/*
* We are not allowed to issue a status command and the host
* does'nt support MMC_CAP_WAIT_WHILE_BUSY, then we can only
* rely on waiting for the stated timeout to be sufficient.
*/
if (!send_status) {
mmc_delay(timeout_ms);
return 0;
}
/* Timeout if the device never leaves the program state. */
if (time_after(jiffies, timeout)) {
pr_err("%s: Card stuck in programming state! %s\n",
mmc_hostname(card->host), __func__);
return -ETIMEDOUT;
}
} while (R1_CURRENT_STATE(status) == R1_STATE_PRG);
if (mmc_host_is_spi(card->host)) {
if (status & R1_SPI_ILLEGAL_COMMAND)
return -EBADMSG;
} else {
if (status & 0xFDFFA000)
pr_warning("%s: unexpected status %#x after "
"switch", mmc_hostname(card->host), status);
if (status & R1_SWITCH_ERROR)
return -EBADMSG;
}
return 0;
}第17--41行：根据传入的参数配置命令结构；
第42行，调用mmc_wait_for_cmd执行具体操作，前面已经讲过；
后面的基本都是做错误处理了。那么mmc_flush_cache讲完了。
小结：mmc_flush_cache最终也是调用了host->ops->request(host, mrq);来处理请求。
2.5、mmc_start_req
/**
* mmc_start_req - start a non-blocking request
* @host: MMC host to start command
* @areq: async request to start
* @error: out parameter returns 0 for success, otherwise non zero
*
* Start a new MMC custom command request for a host.
* If there is on ongoing async request wait for completion
* of that request and start the new one and return.
* Does not wait for the new request to complete.
*
* Returns the completed request, NULL in case of none completed.
* Wait for the an ongoing request (previoulsy started) to complete and
* return the completed request. If there is no ongoing request, NULL
* is returned without waiting. NULL is not an error condition.
*/
struct mmc_async_req *mmc_start_req(struct mmc_host *host,
struct mmc_async_req *areq, int *error)
{
int err = 0;
int start_err = 0;
struct mmc_async_req *data = host->areq;
/* Prepare a new request */
if (areq)
mmc_pre_req(host, areq->mrq, !host->areq);
if (host->areq) {
err = mmc_wait_for_data_req_done(host, host->areq->mrq, areq);
if (err == MMC_BLK_NEW_REQUEST) {
if (error)
*error = err;
/*
* The previous request was not completed,
* nothing to return
*/
return NULL;
}
/*
* Check BKOPS urgency for each R1 response
*/
if (host->card && mmc_card_mmc(host->card) &&
((mmc_resp_type(host->areq->mrq->cmd) == MMC_RSP_R1) ||
(mmc_resp_type(host->areq->mrq->cmd) == MMC_RSP_R1B)) &&
(host->areq->mrq->cmd->resp[0] & R1_EXCEPTION_EVENT))
mmc_start_bkops(host->card, true);
}
if (!err && areq)
start_err = __mmc_start_data_req(host, areq->mrq);
if (host->areq)
mmc_post_req(host, host->areq->mrq, 0);
/* Cancel a prepared request if it was not started. */
if ((err || start_err) && areq)
mmc_post_req(host, areq->mrq, -EINVAL);
if (err)
host->areq = NULL;
else
host->areq = areq;
if (error)
*error = err;
return data;
}__mmc_start_req：第2.3.1节中可以找到该函数的实现，该函数结合mmc_wait_for_req_done函数一起使用完成变量来实现同步；
mmc_start_req：注释很明确的说明，该函数为异步函数。
现在我们来分析下mmc_start_req函数：
第25--26：请求预处理，看一下其实现函数：/**
* mmc_pre_req - Prepare for a new request
* @host: MMC host to prepare command
* @mrq: MMC request to prepare for
* @is_first_req: true if there is no previous started request
* that may run in parellel to this call, otherwise false
*
* mmc_pre_req() is called in prior to mmc_start_req() to let
* host prepare for the new request. Preparation of a request may be
* performed while another request is running on the host.
*/
static void mmc_pre_req(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq,
bool is_first_req)
{
if (host->ops->pre_req) {
mmc_host_clk_hold(host);
host->ops->pre_req(host, mrq, is_first_req);
mmc_host_clk_release(host);
}
}回到mmc_start_req的第29行
第29--50行：首先是看得出来，mmc_start_req()的目的其实是要处理本次areq。 所以一开始对areq做mmc_pre_req(host, areq->mrq, !host->areq); 预准备，但接下来是一个if (host->areq) { err = mmc_wait_for_data_req_done (host, host->areq->mrq, 一个很明显的等待操作，从函数名就可以得知这是一个同步等待，会放弃处理器等待命令完成。但从上文可以看到，一直还未正在处理命令，也没往host发送命令，此时就开始等待命令完成显然是毫无道理。但有时候代码容易看漏，该等待是针对的host->areq，并不是参数传递的areq。本次等待的是上一次传递未完成的动作。如果上次的传输以及完成，则该等待函数会很快返回，并把处理情况反馈到外面。
看一下mmc_wait_for_data_req_done的实现：
/*
* mmc_wait_for_data_req_done() - wait for request completed
* @host: MMC host to prepare the command.
* @mrq: MMC request to wait for
*
* Blocks MMC context till host controller will ack end of data request
* execution or new request notification arrives from the block layer.
* Handles command retries.
*
* Returns enum mmc_blk_status after checking errors.
*/
static int mmc_wait_for_data_req_done(struct mmc_host *host,
struct mmc_request *mrq,
struct mmc_async_req *next_req)
{
struct mmc_command *cmd;
struct mmc_context_info *context_info = &host->context_info;
int err;
unsigned long flags;
while (1) {
wait_event_interruptible(context_info->wait,
(context_info->is_done_rcv ||
context_info->is_new_req));
spin_lock_irqsave(&context_info->lock, flags);
context_info->is_waiting_last_req = false;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&context_info->lock, flags);
if (context_info->is_done_rcv) {
context_info->is_done_rcv = false;
context_info->is_new_req = false;
cmd = mrq->cmd;
if (!cmd->error || !cmd->retries ||
mmc_card_removed(host->card)) {
err = host->areq->err_check(host->card,
host->areq);
break; /* return err */
} else {
pr_info("%s: req failed (CMD%u): %d, retrying...\n",
mmc_hostname(host),
cmd->opcode, cmd->error);
cmd->retries--;
cmd->error = 0;
host->ops->request(host, mrq);
continue; /* wait for done/new event again */
}
} else if (context_info->is_new_req) {
context_info->is_new_req = false;
if (!next_req) {
err = MMC_BLK_NEW_REQUEST;
break; /* return err */
}
}
}
return err;
}通过wait_event_interruptible来实现同步功能，当等待条件不满足时，该函数会休眠，腾出cpu时间。
如果条件达成，则检查请求执行的状态，
再回到mmc_start_req，看__mmc_start_data_req的实现：
/*
*__mmc_start_data_req() - starts data request
* @host: MMC host to start the request
* @mrq: data request to start
*
* Sets the done callback to be called when request is completed by the card.
* Starts data mmc request execution
*/
static int __mmc_start_data_req(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq)
{
mrq->done = mmc_wait_data_done;
mrq->host = host;
if (mmc_card_removed(host->card)) {
mrq->cmd->error = -ENOMEDIUM;
mmc_wait_data_done(mrq);
return -ENOMEDIUM;
}
mmc_start_request(host, mrq);
return 0;
}现在已经分析完mmc_start_req函数的第50行了；
第52--53行：如果请求不为空，则执行mmc_post_req，该函数实现如下：
/**
* mmc_post_req - Post process a completed request
* @host: MMC host to post process command
* @mrq: MMC request to post process for
* @err: Error, if non zero, clean up any resources made in pre_req
*
* Let the host post process a completed request. Post processing of
* a request may be performed while another reuqest is running.
*/
static void mmc_post_req(struct mmc_host *host, struct mmc_request *mrq,
int err)
{
if (host->ops->post_req) {
mmc_host_clk_hold(host);
host->ops->post_req(host, mrq, err);
mmc_host_clk_release(host);
}
}本函数最终调用了 3@host->ops->post_req
好，我们还是回到mmc_start_req；
第56--57行，如果前面的请求发生错误，或者请求处理后做的收尾工作发生了错误，则取消即将发送的请求。（看注释）
第59到60行，如果请求发送（不一定执行完）成功，则将当前请求变量设置给host，否则置为null。
mmc_start_req函数分析完毕；
上面我们分析了mmc_start_req，它里面虽然用了wait_event_interruptible同步机制，但是用它是为了等待上一个任务执行完成，当上一个任务执行完成后，向host发送的请求就不是同步的了，也就是说，它只负责向host发送请求，而不管该请求什么时候结束。
但是mmc_wait_for_req却需要等到请求结束。
三、总结
根据上面的分析，在emmc/sd 区块层解析这篇文章中欠的债，最终全部都转向了host->ops，那么我们现在该将精力集中到这个东西是怎么实现的了。
请听下回分解。
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