C++中map容器提供一个键值对容器,map与multimap差别仅仅在于multiple允许一个键对应多个值.
一.map的说明
1.头文件
#include<map.h>
2.定义方法
(1)map<string,int> m;
(2)typedef map<string,int> M;
M m;
3.插入数据
(1)m['a'] = 1
(2)m.insert(map<string,int>::value_type("b",2));
(3)m.insert(pair<string,int>("c",3));
(4)m.insert(make_pair<string,int>("d",4));
4.查找数据和修改数据
(1)int i = m["a"];
m["a"] = i;
(2)m::iterator m_iter;
m.find("b");
int j = m_iter->second;
m_iter->second = j;
!!!注意!!! 键本身是不能被修改的,除非删除.
5.删除数据
(1)m.erase(m_iter);
(2)m.erase("c");
!!!注意!!! 第一种情况在迭代期间是不能被删除的
6 迭代数据
for (m_iter=m.begin(); m_iter!=m.end(); ++m_iter)
{
}
7 其它方法
m.size() 返回元素数目
m.empty() 判断是否为空
m.clear() 清空所有元素
可以直接进行赋值和比较:=, >, >=, <, <=, != 等等
二map的举例
<span style="font-size:18px;">要求: 将mymap中itemstruct的a大于100的项删除
struct itemstruct
{
int a;
char b[20];
};
map<string,itemstruct> mymap;</span>
<span style="font-size:18px;">#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
typedef struct itemstruct
{
int a;
char b[20];
}itemS;
itemS s[4] = {{102,"what"},
{33, "hello"},
{198,"world"},
{45, "c++"}
};;
int main()
{
map<string,itemS> mymap;
string str[4] = {"1st","2nd","3rd","4th"};
for(int i = 0; i<4; i++)
{
mymap.insert(make_pair(str[i], s[i]));
}
map<string,itemS>::iterator it;
for(it=mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); it++)
{
if(it->second.a >100)
{
i=mymap.erase(it); //----->正确
mymap.erase(it); //----->it失效..
}
}
//first是Key, second是value;
for(it = mymap.begin(); it!=mymap.end(); it++)
{
cout<<it->first<<" "<<it->second.a<<" "<<it->second.b<<endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
</span>
代码2:
<span style="font-size:18px;">#include<map>
#include<iterator>
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
struct itemstruct
{
int a;
char b[20];
itemstruct(int t,char*str)
{
a=t;
strcpy(b,str);
}
};
int main()
{
map<string,itemstruct>mymap;
mymap.insert(make_pair("a",itemstruct(10,"hanzhou")));
mymap.insert(make_pair("ab",itemstruct(20,"fuzhou")));
mymap.insert(make_pair("abc",itemstruct(30,"zhengzhou")));
mymap.insert(make_pair("abcd",itemstruct(200,"wuhan")));
mymap.insert(make_pair("abcde",itemstruct(150,"kunming")));
mymap.insert(make_pair("abcdef",itemstruct(50,"xiamen")));
map<string,itemstruct>::iterator it=mymap.begin();
while(it!=mymap.end())
{
if((it->second).a>100)
mymap.erase(it++);
else
it++;
}
it=mymap.begin();
while(it!=mymap.end())
{
cout<<it->first<<" "<<(it->second).a<<" "<<(it->second).b<<endl;
it++;
}
system("PAUSE");
return 0;
}</span>
代码3:
<span style="font-size:18px;">for(map<string, itemstruct>::iterator i = mymap.begin(); i != mymap.end();)
{
if(i->second.a > 100)
i = mymap.erase(i);
else
++i;
} </span>