The Euler function

Link:http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=2824

The Euler function

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 3889    Accepted Submission(s): 1613

Problem Description

The Euler function phi is an important kind of function in number theory, (n) represents the amount of the numbers which are smaller than n and coprime to n, and this function has a lot of beautiful characteristics. Here comes a very easy question: suppose you are given a, b, try to calculate (a)+ (a+1)+....+ (b)

 

Input

There are several test cases. Each line has two integers a, b (2<a<b<3000000).

 

Output

Output the result of (a)+ (a+1)+....+ (b)

 

Sample Input

  

   3 100
  

 

Sample Output

  

   3042
  

 

Source

2009 Multi-University Training Contest 1 - Host by TJU

 

大概：求a~b段欧拉值和，要用到筛法欧拉函数。

筛选：1)如果n为素数，φ(n)=n-1;

           2)如果m,n互质，φ(n*m)=φ(n)*φ(m)；

核心就是当m%p==0:

f(m*p) = f(m) * p;//因为（p-1)是在f（m）中所以是乘p；

否则:

f(m*p) = f(m) * (p-1);

因为Euler函数是积性函数所以

综合上面两个式子就可以知道核心的推导公式如何得来

   

[cpp]  view plain copy

1. #include<iostream>  
2. #include<cstdio>  
3. #include<ctime>  
4. using namespace std;  
5. typedef  __int64 INT;  
6. #define N 3000001  
7. int prime[216818],phi[N];  
8. bool a[N];  
9. void is_prime()  
10. {  
11.     int i,j,k;  
12.     k=0;  
13.     for(i=2;i<N;i++)  
14.     {  
15.        if(!a[i])  
16.        {  
17.           prime[k++]=i;  
18.           phi[i]=i-1;  
19.        }  
20.        for(j=0;j<k&&i*prime[j]<N;j++)  
21.        {  
22.          a[prime[j]*i]=1;  
23.          if(i%prime[j])  
24.              phi[i*prime[j]]=phi[i]*(prime[j]-1);  
25.          else  
26.          {  
27.              phi[i*prime[j]]=phi[i]*prime[j];  
28.              break;  
29.          }  
30.          
31.        }  
32.       
33.     }  
34. }  
35. int main()  
36. {  
37.     //freopen("c_in.txt","r",stdin);  
38.     //freopen("myout5.txt","w",stdout);  
39.     int a,b,i;  
40.     INT sum;  
41.     is_prime();  
42.     while(cin>>a>>b)  
43.     {  
44.         sum=0;  
45.         for(i=a;i<=b;i++)  
46.             sum+=phi[i];  
47.         printf("%I64d\n",sum);  
48.       
49.     }  
50.     //printf("%lfMS\n",(double)clock()/CLOCKS_PER_SEC);  
51.     return 0;  
52. }