呵呵 今天开bolog 把平时工作中积累收集经典实用的语句和大家分享下:
目 录
27 创建数据look $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/buildall.sql
33备份控制文件,并将二进制控制文件变为了asc 的文本文件
3删除日志组:当前日志组不能删;活动的日志组不能删;非归档的日志组不能删
8数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换,要启动到mount状态下才能改变;startup mount;然后再打开数据库.
3 9i以后,oracle建议使用local管理,而不使用dictionary管理,因为local采用bitmap管理表空间 ,不会产生系统表空间的自愿争用
4 在创建表空间时,设置表空间内的段空间管理模式,这里用的是自动管理
5 undo tablespace(不能被用在字典管理模下)
9重命名系统表空间 ,但在重命名前必须将数据库shutdown,并重启到mount状态
10resize tablespace,autoextend datafile space
2 在自动管理模式下,不会真正建立rbs1;在手工管理模式则可以建立,且是私有回滚段
3 在提交了修改的数据后,9i提供了旧数据的回闪操作,将修改前的数据只读给用户看,但这部分数据不会又恢复在表中,而是旧数据的一个映射
1 手工分配分区,分配的数据文件必须是表所在表空间内的数据文件
3 将非分区表的表空间搬到新的表空间,在移动表空间后,原表中的索引对象将会不可用,必须重建
2 给创建bitmap index分配的内存空间参数,以加速建索引
40 数据完整性的管理(Maintaining data integrity)
2 不效验老数据,只约束新的数据[enable/disable:约束/不约束新数据;novalidate/validate:不对/对老数据进行验证]
5 drop一个有外键的主键表,带cascade constraints参数级联删除
6 当truncate外键表时,先将外键设为无效,再truncate
41 managing password security and resources
1 建立口令配置文件,failed_login_attempts口令输多少次后锁,password_lock_times指多少天后口令被自动解锁
5 password_life_time指口令文件多少时间到期,password_grace_time指在第一次成功登录后到口令到期有多少天时间可改变口令
6 password_reuse_time指口令在多少天内可被重用,password_reuse_max口令可被重用的最大次数
7 建立了profile后,且指定给某个用户,则必须用CASCADE才能删除
4 创建os级审核的用户,需知道os_authent_prefix,表示oracle和os口令对应的前缀,'OPS$'为此参数的值,此值可以任意设置
5 修改用户使用表空间的限额,回滚表空间和临时表空间不允许授予限额
6 删除用户或删除级联用户(用户对象下有对象的要用CASCADE,将其下一些对象一起删除)
1 授予权限语法,public 标识所有用户,with admin option允许能将权限授予第三者的权限
2 当 O7_dictionary_accessiblity参数为True时,标识select any table时,包括系统表也能select ,否则,不包含系统表;缺省为false
3 由于 O7_dictionary_accessiblity为静态参数,不能动态改变,故加scope=spfile,下次启动时才生效
4 授予对象中的某些字段的权限,如select 某表中的某些字段的权限
5 oracle不允许授予select某列的权限,但可以授insert ,update某列的权限
6 db/os/none 审计被记录在 数据库/操作系统/不审计 缺省是none
8 by session在每个session中发出command只记录一次,by access则每个command都记录
1 建立default role,用户登录时,缺省激活default role
1 使用字符函数(右边截取,字段中包含某个字符,左边填充某字符到固定位数,右边填充某字符到固定位数)
3 使用日期函数(计算两个日期间相差几个星期,两个日期间相隔几个月,在某个月份上加几个月,某个日期的下一个日期, 某日期所在月的最后的日期,对某个日期的月分四舍五入,对某个日期的月份进行取整)
4 使用NULL函数(当expr1为空取expr2/当expr1为空取expr2,否则取expr3/当expr1=expr2返回空)
3 当用update修改数据时,必须满足视图的col1>10的条件,不满足则不能被改变.
4 改变视图的值.对于简单视图可以用update语法修改表数据,但复杂视图则不一定能改。如使用了函数,group by ,distinct等的列
1 union 操作,它将两个集合的交集部分压缩,并对数据排序
2 union all 操作,两个集合的交集部分不压缩,且不对数据排序
3 intersect 操作,求两个集合的交集,它将对重复数据进行压缩,且排序
4 minus 操作,集合减,它将压缩两个集合减后的重复记录, 且对数据排序
5 EXTRACT 抽取时间函数. 此例是抽取当前日期中的年
6 EXTRACT 抽取时间函数. 此例是抽取当前日期中的月
3 其结果看起来象对col1做小计后,再对col2做小计,最后算总计
8 GROUPING(expr)函数,查看select语句种以何字段聚合,其取值为0或1
9 grouping sets操作,对group by结果集先对col1求和,再对col2求和,最后将其结果集并在一起
1 查看表空间的名称及大小
select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name;
2 查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name, round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;
3 查看回滚段名称及大小
select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) order by segment_name;
4 查看控制文件
select name from v$controlfile;
5查看日志文件
select member from v$logfile;
6 查看表空间的使用情况
select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE" FROM SYS.M$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7 查看数据库库对象
select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8 查看数据库的版本
Select version FROM Product_component_version Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
9 查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
10 捕捉运行很久的SQL
column username format a12 column opname format a16 column progress format a8 select username,sid,opname, round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress, time_remaining,sql_text from v$session_longops , v$sql where time_remaining <> 0 and sql_address = address and sql_hash_value = hash_value /
11 查看数据表的参数信息
SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name, pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent, next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS, freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks, empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size, last_analyzed FROM dba_tab_partitions --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner ORDER BY partition_position
12 查看还没提交的事务
select * from v$locked_object; select * from v$transaction;
13 查找object为哪些进程所用
select p.spid, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num, s.username user_name, a.type object_type, s.osuser os_user_name, a.owner, a.object object_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.status session_status from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p where s.paddr = p.addr and s.type = 'USER' and a.sid = s.sid and a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR' order by s.username, s.osuser
14 回滚段查看
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15 耗资源的进程(top session)
select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num, nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL' or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc
16 查看锁(lock)情况
select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name, decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX', 'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type, o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null) lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2 from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type, l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s, v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner <> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name
17 查看等待(wait)情况
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
18 查看sga情况
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
19 查看 catched object SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace, type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,locks,pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
20 查看V$SQLAREA SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
21 查看object分类数量
select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select 'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from
22 按用户查看object种类
select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes, sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL)) clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1)) others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# = o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$
有关connection的相关信息
1 查看有哪些用户连接
select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process, status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program, s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query, 0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER' order by s.username, s.osuser
2 根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
select n.name, v.value, n.class, n.statistic# from v$statname n, v$sesstat v where v.sid = 71 and v.statistic# = n.statistic# order by n.class, n.statistic#
3 根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的
sql select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */ command_type, sql_text, sharable_mem, persistent_mem, runtime_mem, sorts, version_count, loaded_versions, open_versions, users_opening, executions, users_executing, loads, first_load_time, invalidations, parse_calls, disk_reads, buffer_gets, rows_processed, sysdate start_time, sysdate finish_time, '>' || address sql_address, 'N' status from v$sqlarea where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
24 查询表空间使用情况
select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称", 100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)", round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)", round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)", round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)", Largest "最大扩展段(M)", to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间" from (select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc, sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes from dba_data_files f group by tablespace_name) a, (select f.tablespace_name, sum(f.bytes) bytes_free from dba_free_space f group by tablespace_name) b, (select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest, ts.name tablespace_name from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name
25 查询表空间的碎片程度
select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name having count(tablespace_name)>10; alter tablespace name coalesce; alter table name deallocate unused; create or replace view ts_blocks_v as select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space union all select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents; select * from ts_blocks_v; select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;
26 查询有哪些数据库实例在运行
select inst_name from v$active_instances;
27 创建数据look $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/buildall.sql
create database db01 maxlogfiles 10 maxdatafiles 1024 maxinstances 2 logfile GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M, datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M, undo tablespace UNDO datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M default temporary tablespace TEMP tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M extent management local uniform size 128k character set AL32UTE8 national character set AL16UTF16 set time_zone='America/New_York';
28 数据字典
set wrap off select * from v$dba_users; grant select on table_name to user/rule; select * from user_tables; select * from all_tables; select * from dba_tables;
29 revoke dba from user_name;
shutdown immediate
startup nomount
select * from v$instance;
select * from v$sga;
select * from v$tablespace;
alter session set nls_language=american;
alter database mount;
select * from v$database;
alter database open;
desc dictionary
select * from dict;
desc v$fixed_table;
select * from v$fixed_table;
set oracle_sid=foxconn
select * from dba_objects;
set serveroutput on
execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');
30控制文件
select * from v$database;
select * from v$tablespace;
select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$log;
select * from v$backup;
31备份用户表空间
alter tablespace users begin backup;
select * from v$archived_log;
select * from v$controlfile;
alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl',
'$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;
cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl
startup pfile='../initSID.ora'
select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;
show parameter control;
select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
select * from v$tempfile;
32备份控制文件
alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';
33备份控制文件,并将二进制控制文件变为了asc 的文本文件
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
34redo log
archive log list;
alter system archive log start;--启动自动存档
alter system switch logfile;--强行进行一次日志switch
alter system checkpoint;--强制进行一次checkpoint
alter tablspace users begin backup;
alter tablespace offline;
/*checkpoint 同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高,系统恢复所需时间越短*/
show parameter fast;
show parameter log_checkpoint;
1加入一个日志组
alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M );
2加入日志组的一个成员
alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;
3删除日志组:当前日志组不能删;活动的日志组不能删;非归档的日志组不能删
alter database drop logfile group 3;
4删除日志组中的某个成员,但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除
alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
5清除在线日志
alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
alter database clear logfile group 3;
6清除非归档日志
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
7重命名日志文件
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file 6a .rdo';
show parameter db_create;
alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';
select * from v$log;
select * from v$logfile;
8数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换,要启动到mount状态下才能改变;startup mount;然后再打开数据库.
alter database noarchivelog/archivelog;
achive log start;---启动自动归档
alter system archive all;--手工归档所有日志文件
select * from v$archived_log;
show parameter log_archive;
35分析日志文件logmnr
1) 在init.ora中set utl_file_dir 参数
2) 重新启动oracle
3) create 目录文件
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
dbms_logmnr_d.build;
4) 加入日志文件 add/remove log file
dhms_logmnr.add_logfile
dbms_logmnr.removefile
5) start logmnr
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr
6) 分析出来的内容查询 v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo
1实践:
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
2对数据表做一些操作,为恢复操作做准备
update 表 set qty=10 where stor_id=6380;
delete 表 where stor_id=7066;
/***********************************/
utl_file_dir的路径
execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('foxdict.ora','$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump');
execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.log',dbms_logmnr.newfile);
execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump/foxdict.ora');
未完待续。。。