STL vector 容器实现

template <class _Tp, class _Alloc = __STL_DEFAULT_ALLOCATOR(_Tp) >
class vector : protected _Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>
{
  // requirements:

  __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Tp, _Assignable);

private:
  typedef _Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc> _Base;
public:
  typedef _Tp value_type;
  typedef value_type* pointer;
  typedef const value_type* const_pointer;
  typedef value_type* iterator;
  typedef const value_type* const_iterator;
  typedef value_type& reference;
  typedef const value_type& const_reference;
  typedef size_t size_type;
  typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;

//特征萃取

  typedef typename _Base::allocator_type allocator_type;
  allocator_type get_allocator() const { return _Base::get_allocator(); }

#ifdef __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
  typedef reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
  typedef reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
#else /* __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION */
  typedef reverse_iterator<const_iterator, value_type, const_reference,
                           difference_type>  const_reverse_iterator;
  typedef reverse_iterator<iterator, value_type, reference, difference_type>
          reverse_iterator;
#endif /* __STL_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION */

//逆向迭代器

protected:
#ifdef __STL_HAS_NAMESPACES
  using _Base::_M_allocate;
  using _Base::_M_deallocate;
  using _Base::_M_start;
  using _Base::_M_finish;
  using _Base::_M_end_of_storage;
#endif /* __STL_HAS_NAMESPACES */

protected:
  void _M_insert_aux(iterator __position, const _Tp& __x);
  void _M_insert_aux(iterator __position);

public:
  iterator begin() { return _M_start; }
  const_iterator begin() const { return _M_start; }
  iterator end() { return _M_finish; }
  const_iterator end() const { return _M_finish; }

  reverse_iterator rbegin()
    { return reverse_iterator(end()); }
  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const
    { return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }
  reverse_iterator rend()
    { return reverse_iterator(begin()); }
  const_reverse_iterator rend() const
    { return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }

  size_type size() const
    { return size_type(end() - begin()); }
  size_type max_size() const
    { return size_type(-1) / sizeof(_Tp); }
  size_type capacity() const
    { return size_type(_M_end_of_storage - begin()); }
  bool empty() const
    { return begin() == end(); }

  reference operator[](size_type __n) { return *(begin() + __n); }
  const_reference operator[](size_type __n) const { return *(begin() + __n); }

//此容器迭代器是用普通指针实做出来的

#ifdef __STL_THROW_RANGE_ERRORS
  void _M_range_check(size_type __n) const {
    if (__n >= this->size())
      __stl_throw_range_error("vector");
  }

//越界检查，抛出异常

  reference at(size_type __n)
    { _M_range_check(__n); return (*this)[__n]; }
  const_reference at(size_type __n) const
    { _M_range_check(__n); return (*this)[__n]; }
#endif /* __STL_THROW_RANGE_ERRORS */

//at成员函数，带异常处理

  explicit vector(const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
    : _Base(__a) {}

//通过分配器来构造vector，默认的构造函数

  vector(size_type __n, const _Tp& __value,
         const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
    : _Base(__n, __a)
    { _M_finish = uninitialized_fill_n(_M_start, __n, __value); }

//传递大小和填充值的构造函数

  explicit vector(size_type __n)
    : _Base(__n, allocator_type())
    { _M_finish = uninitialized_fill_n(_M_start, __n, _Tp()); }

//传递大小参数的构造函数

  vector(const vector<_Tp, _Alloc>& __x)
    : _Base(__x.size(), __x.get_allocator())
    { _M_finish = uninitialized_copy(__x.begin(), __x.end(), _M_start); }

//复制构造函数

#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
  // Check whether it's an integral type.  If so, it's not an iterator.
  template <class _InputIterator>
  vector(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
         const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type()) : _Base(__a) {
    typedef typename _Is_integer<_InputIterator>::_Integral _Integral;
    _M_initialize_aux(__first, __last, _Integral());
  }

//通过俩个指针的区间来构造

  template <class _Integer>
  void _M_initialize_aux(_Integer __n, _Integer __value, __true_type) {
    _M_start = _M_allocate(__n);
    _M_end_of_storage = _M_start + __n;
    _M_finish = uninitialized_fill_n(_M_start, __n, __value);
  }

//用__value值初始__n个元素

  template <class _InputIterator>
  void _M_initialize_aux(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
                         __false_type) {
    _M_range_initialize(__first, __last, __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__first));
  }

#else
  vector(const _Tp* __first, const _Tp* __last,
         const allocator_type& __a = allocator_type())
    : _Base(__last - __first, __a)
    { _M_finish = uninitialized_copy(__first, __last, _M_start); }
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */

  ~vector() { destroy(_M_start, _M_finish); }

  vector<_Tp, _Alloc>& operator=(const vector<_Tp, _Alloc>& __x);
  void reserve(size_type __n) {
    if (capacity() < __n) {
      const size_type __old_size = size();
      iterator __tmp = _M_allocate_and_copy(__n, _M_start, _M_finish);
      destroy(_M_start, _M_finish);
      _M_deallocate(_M_start, _M_end_of_storage - _M_start);
      _M_start = __tmp;
      _M_finish = __tmp + __old_size;
      _M_end_of_storage = _M_start + __n;
    }
  }
// assign(), a generalized assignment member function.  Two
  // versions: one that takes a count, and one that takes a range.
  // The range version is a member template, so we dispatch on whether
  // or not the type is an integer.

  void assign(size_type __n, const _Tp& __val) { _M_fill_assign(__n, __val); }
  void _M_fill_assign(size_type __n, const _Tp& __val);

#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
 
  template <class _InputIterator>
  void assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) {
    typedef typename _Is_integer<_InputIterator>::_Integral _Integral;
    _M_assign_dispatch(__first, __last, _Integral());
  }

  template <class _Integer>
  void _M_assign_dispatch(_Integer __n, _Integer __val, __true_type)
    { _M_fill_assign((size_type) __n, (_Tp) __val); }

  template <class _InputIter>
  void _M_assign_dispatch(_InputIter __first, _InputIter __last, __false_type)
    { _M_assign_aux(__first, __last, __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__first)); }

  template <class _InputIterator>
  void _M_assign_aux(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
                     input_iterator_tag);

  template <class _ForwardIterator>
  void _M_assign_aux(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last,
                     forward_iterator_tag);

#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */

  reference front() { return *begin(); }
  const_reference front() const { return *begin(); }
  reference back() { return *(end() - 1); }
  const_reference back() const { return *(end() - 1); }

  void push_back(const _Tp& __x) {
    if (_M_finish != _M_end_of_storage) {
      construct(_M_finish, __x);
      ++_M_finish;
    }
    else
      _M_insert_aux(end(), __x);
  }
  void push_back() {
    if (_M_finish != _M_end_of_storage) {
      construct(_M_finish);
      ++_M_finish;
    }
    else
      _M_insert_aux(end());
  }
  void swap(vector<_Tp, _Alloc>& __x) {
    __STD::swap(_M_start, __x._M_start);
    __STD::swap(_M_finish, __x._M_finish);
    __STD::swap(_M_end_of_storage, __x._M_end_of_storage);
  }

  iterator insert(iterator __position, const _Tp& __x) {
    size_type __n = __position - begin();
    if (_M_finish != _M_end_of_storage && __position == end()) {
      construct(_M_finish, __x);
      ++_M_finish;
    }
    else
      _M_insert_aux(__position, __x);
    return begin() + __n;
  }
  iterator insert(iterator __position) {
    size_type __n = __position - begin();
    if (_M_finish != _M_end_of_storage && __position == end()) {
      construct(_M_finish);
      ++_M_finish;
    }
    else
      _M_insert_aux(__position);
    return begin() + __n;
  }
#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
  // Check whether it's an integral type.  If so, it's not an iterator.
  template <class _InputIterator>
  void insert(iterator __pos, _InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) {
    typedef typename _Is_integer<_InputIterator>::_Integral _Integral;
    _M_insert_dispatch(__pos, __first, __last, _Integral());
  }

  template <class _Integer>
  void _M_insert_dispatch(iterator __pos, _Integer __n, _Integer __val,
                          __true_type)
    { _M_fill_insert(__pos, (size_type) __n, (_Tp) __val); }

  template <class _InputIterator>
  void _M_insert_dispatch(iterator __pos,
                          _InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
                          __false_type) {
    _M_range_insert(__pos, __first, __last, __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__first));
  }
#else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
  void insert(iterator __position,
              const_iterator __first, const_iterator __last);
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */

  void insert (iterator __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __x)
    { _M_fill_insert(__pos, __n, __x); }

  void _M_fill_insert (iterator __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __x);

  void pop_back() {
    --_M_finish;
    destroy(_M_finish);
  }
  iterator erase(iterator __position) {
    if (__position + 1 != end())
      copy(__position + 1, _M_finish, __position);
    --_M_finish;
    destroy(_M_finish);
    return __position;
  }
  iterator erase(iterator __first, iterator __last) {
    iterator __i = copy(__last, _M_finish, __first);
    destroy(__i, _M_finish);
    _M_finish = _M_finish - (__last - __first);
    return __first;
  }

  void resize(size_type __new_size, const _Tp& __x) {
    if (__new_size < size())
      erase(begin() + __new_size, end());
    else
      insert(end(), __new_size - size(), __x);
  }
  void resize(size_type __new_size) { resize(__new_size, _Tp()); }
  void clear() { erase(begin(), end()); }

protected:

#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
  template <class _ForwardIterator>
  iterator _M_allocate_and_copy(size_type __n, _ForwardIterator __first,
                                               _ForwardIterator __last)
{
    iterator __result = _M_allocate(__n);
    __STL_TRY {
      uninitialized_copy(__first, __last, __result);
      return __result;
    }
    __STL_UNWIND(_M_deallocate(__result, __n));
  }
#else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
  iterator _M_allocate_and_copy(size_type __n, const_iterator __first,
                                               const_iterator __last)
  {
    iterator __result = _M_allocate(__n);
    __STL_TRY {
      uninitialized_copy(__first, __last, __result);
      return __result;
    }
    __STL_UNWIND(_M_deallocate(__result, __n));
  }
#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */

#ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
  template <class _InputIterator>
  void _M_range_initialize(_InputIterator __first, 
                           _InputIterator __last, input_iterator_tag)
  {
    for ( ; __first != __last; ++__first)
      push_back(*__first);
  }

  // This function is only called by the constructor.
  template <class _ForwardIterator>
  void _M_range_initialize(_ForwardIterator __first,
                           _ForwardIterator __last, forward_iterator_tag)
  {
    size_type __n = 0;
    distance(__first, __last, __n);
    _M_start = _M_allocate(__n);
    _M_end_of_storage = _M_start + __n;
    _M_finish = uninitialized_copy(__first, __last, _M_start);
  }

  template <class _InputIterator>
  void _M_range_insert(iterator __pos,
                       _InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
                       input_iterator_tag);

  template <class _ForwardIterator>
  void _M_range_insert(iterator __pos,
                       _ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last,
                       forward_iterator_tag);

#endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */
};