C++ STL之vector容器的模拟实现

目录

一、模拟实现的思路

二、逐步模拟实现

1.成员变量的设置

2.迭代器的相关函数

3.构造函数

4.赋值操作

5.容量与大小

6.数据存取

7.互换容器

8.插入与删除

三、总结


一、模拟实现的思路

大概思路

利用_start和_finish来确定vector的位置和所存入数据数目,利用_capacity来确定vector的整体容量大小。后续再进行相关函数功能的实现。

二、逐步模拟实现

1.成员变量的设置

namespace imitate
{
	template<class T>
	class vector
	{
	public:
		typedef T* const_iterator;
		typedef T* iterator;
    public:
        // ... 后续的成员函数

	private:
		iterator _start;
		iterator _finish;
		iterator _endofstorage;
	};
}

2.迭代器的相关函数

		iterator begin()
		{
			return _start;
		}
		iterator end()
		{
			return _finish;
		}
		const_iterator begin() const
		{
			return _start;
		}
		const_iterator end() const
		{
			return _finish;
		}

3.构造函数

注意

memcpy,strcpy第一次拷贝的时候不能给空,memcpy不能使用进行对象之间的拷贝,是按字节拷贝的浅拷贝。

		vector()
			: _start(nullptr)
			, _finish(nullptr)
			, _endofstorage(nullptr)
		{}
		vector(const vector<T>& v)
		{
			_start = new T[v.capacity()];
			_finish = _start;
			_endofstorage = _start + v.capacity();

			//memcpy(tmp, _start, sizeof(T)*size());   
			//memcpy,strcpy第一次拷贝的时候不能给空
            //memcpy 不能使用进行对象之间的拷贝,是按字节拷贝的浅拷贝

			for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
			{
				*_finish = v[i];
				_finish++;
			}
		}
		vector(iterator begin, iterator end)
		{
			size_t n = end - begin;
			_start = new T[n];
			_endofstorage = _start + n;
			_finish = _start;
			for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
			{
				*_finish = begin[i];
				++_finish;
			}
		}
		~vector()
		{
			delete[] _start;
			_start = _finish = _endofstorage = nullptr;
		}

 

4.赋值操作

		vector<T>& operator=(vector<T>& v)
		{
			if (this != &v)
			{
				vector<T> tmp(v);
				swap(tmp);
			}
			return *this;
		}


		void assign(iterator begin, iterator end)
		{
			vector<T> tmp(begin, end);
			swap(tmp);
		}
		void assign(size_t n, const T& x)
		{
			if(!_start) delete[] _start;
			iterator tmp = new T[n];
			for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)	tmp[i] = x;
			_start = tmp;
			_finish = _start + n;
			_endofstorage = _start + n;
		}

5.容量与大小

		size_t size() const
		{
			return _finish - _start;
		}
		size_t capacity() const
		{
			return _endofstorage - _start;
		}

		bool empty() const
		{
			return (_finish - _start == 0);
		}

		void reserve(size_t n)
		{
			if (n <= capacity()) return;
			size_t len = size();
			iterator tmp = new T[n];
			if (_start)
			{
				for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
				{
					tmp[i] = _start[i];
				}
				delete[] _start;
			}
			_start = tmp;
			_finish = tmp + len;
			_endofstorage = tmp + n;
		}

		void resize(size_t n, const T& elem = T())
		{
			if (n <= size())
			{
				_finish = _start + n;
				return;
			}
			if (n >= capacity())
			{
				reserve(n);
			}
			iterator it = _finish;
			_finish += n;
			while (it != _finish)
			{
				*it = elem;
				it++;
			}
		}

6.数据存取

		T& operator[](size_t i)
		{
			return _start[i];
		}
		T& operator[](size_t i) const
		{
			return _start[i];
		}

7.互换容器

		void swap(vector<T>& v)
		{
			std::swap(_start, v._start);
			std::swap(_finish, v._finish);
			std::swap(_endofstorage, v._endofstorage);
		}

8.插入与删除

注意插入与删除会改变原有迭代器指向的位置,需要及时更新迭代器。

		void push_back(const T& x)
		{
			if (_finish == _endofstorage)
			{
				size_t newcapacity = capacity() == 0 ? 2 : capacity() * 2;
				reserve(newcapacity);
			}
			*_finish = x;
			_finish++;
		}

		void pop_back()
		{
			assert(_start < _finish);
			_finish--;
		}

		iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x)
		{
			assert(pos < _finish);
			if (_finish == _endofstorage)
			{
				size_t n = pos - _start; // 防止迭代器失效,先储存元素个数
				size_t newcapacity = (capacity() == 0) ? 2 : capacity() * 2;

				reserve(newcapacity);
				pos = _start + n; // 防止迭代器失效,即使更新pos的地址
			}
			iterator end = _finish;
			while (end > pos)
			{
				*end = *(end - 1);
				end--;
			}
			*pos = x;
			_finish++;
			return pos;
		}
		void insert(iterator pos, size_t n, const T& x)
		{
			assert(pos < _finish);
			if (_endofstorage - _finish < n)
			{
				size_t n = pos - _start;
				size_t newcapacity = (capacity() == 0) ? n : size() + n;
				reserve(newcapacity);
				pos = _start + n;
			}
			iterator it1 = _finish + n;
			while (it1 < pos + n)
			{
				*it1 = *(it1 - 1);
				it1--;
			}
			for (iterator it2 = pos; it2 != pos + n; ++it2)
			{
				*it2 = x;
			}
			_finish += n;
		}

		iterator erase(const_iterator pos)
		{
			assert(pos < _finish);
			iterator it = pos;
			while (it < _finish)
			{
				*it = *(it + 1);
				it++;
			}
			_finish--;
			return pos;
		}
		iterator erase(iterator begin, iterator end)
		{
			assert(begin < _finish && end <= _finish);
			size_t n = end - begin;
			iterator it = begin;
			while (it + n < _finish)
			{
				*it = *(it + n);
				it++;
			}
			_finish -= n;
			return begin;
		}

三、总结

MyVector.h

#pragma once
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include<iostream>
#include<assert.h>

namespace imitate
{
	template<class T>
	class vector
	{
	public:
		typedef T* const_iterator;
		typedef T* iterator;
	public:
		vector()
			: _start(nullptr)
			, _finish(nullptr)
			, _endofstorage(nullptr)
		{}
		vector(const vector<T>& v)
		{
			_start = new T[v.capacity()];
			_finish = _start;
			_endofstorage = _start + v.capacity();

			//memcpy(tmp, _start, sizeof(T)*size());   
			//memcpy,strcpy第一次拷贝的时候不能给空,memcpy不能使用进行对象之间的拷贝,是按字节拷贝的浅拷贝

			for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i)
			{
				*_finish = v[i];
				_finish++;
			}
		}
		vector(iterator begin, iterator end)
		{
			size_t n = end - begin;
			_start = new T[n];
			_endofstorage = _start + n;
			_finish = _start;
			for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
			{
				*_finish = begin[i];
				++_finish;
			}
		}
		~vector()
		{
			delete[] _start;
			_start = _finish = _endofstorage = nullptr;
		}


		void swap(vector<T>& v)
		{
			std::swap(_start, v._start);
			std::swap(_finish, v._finish);
			std::swap(_endofstorage, v._endofstorage);
		}

		void reserve(size_t n)
		{
			if (n <= capacity()) return;
			size_t len = size();
			iterator tmp = new T[n];
			if (_start)
			{
				for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
				{
					tmp[i] = _start[i];
				}
				delete[] _start;
			}
			_start = tmp;
			_finish = tmp + len;
			_endofstorage = tmp + n;
		}

		void resize(size_t n, const T& elem = T())
		{
			if (n <= size())
			{
				_finish = _start + n;
				return;
			}
			if (n >= capacity())
			{
				reserve(n);
			}
			iterator it = _finish;
			_finish += n;
			while (it != _finish)
			{
				*it = elem;
				it++;
			}
		}

		void push_back(const T& x)
		{
			if (_finish == _endofstorage)
			{
				size_t newcapacity = capacity() == 0 ? 2 : capacity() * 2;
				reserve(newcapacity);
			}
			*_finish = x;
			_finish++;
		}

		void pop_back()
		{
			assert(_start < _finish);
			_finish--;
		}

		iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x)
		{
			assert(pos < _finish);
			if (_finish == _endofstorage)
			{
				size_t n = pos - _start; // 防止迭代器失效,先储存元素个数
				size_t newcapacity = (capacity() == 0) ? 2 : capacity() * 2;

				reserve(newcapacity);
				pos = _start + n; // 防止迭代器失效,即使更新pos的地址
			}
			iterator end = _finish;
			while (end > pos)
			{
				*end = *(end - 1);
				end--;
			}
			*pos = x;
			_finish++;
			return pos;
		}
		void insert(iterator pos, size_t n, const T& x)
		{
			assert(pos < _finish);
			if (_endofstorage - _finish < n)
			{
				size_t n = pos - _start;
				size_t newcapacity = (capacity() == 0) ? n : size() + n;
				reserve(newcapacity);
				pos = _start + n;
			}
			iterator it1 = _finish + n;
			while (it1 < pos + n)
			{
				*it1 = *(it1 - 1);
				it1--;
			}
			for (iterator it2 = pos; it2 != pos + n; ++it2)
			{
				*it2 = x;
			}
			_finish += n;
		}

		iterator erase(const_iterator pos)
		{
			assert(pos < _finish);
			iterator it = pos;
			while (it < _finish)
			{
				*it = *(it + 1);
				it++;
			}
			_finish--;
			return pos;
		}
		iterator erase(iterator begin, iterator end)
		{
			assert(begin < _finish && end <= _finish);
			size_t n = end - begin;
			iterator it = begin;
			while (it + n < _finish)
			{
				*it = *(it + n);
				it++;
			}
			_finish -= n;
			return begin;
		}

		vector<T>& operator=(vector<T>& v)
		{
			if (this != &v)
			{
				vector<T> tmp(v);
				swap(tmp);
			}
			return *this;
		}

		void assign(iterator begin, iterator end)
		{
			vector<T> tmp(begin, end);
			swap(tmp);
		}
		void assign(size_t n, const T& x)
		{
			if(!_start) delete[] _start;
			iterator tmp = new T[n];
			for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)	tmp[i] = x;
			_start = tmp;
			_finish = _start + n;
			_endofstorage = _start + n;
		}

		iterator begin()
		{
			return _start;
		}
		iterator end()
		{
			return _finish;
		}
		const_iterator begin() const
		{
			return _start;
		}
		const_iterator end() const
		{
			return _finish;
		}

		T& operator[](size_t i)
		{
			return _start[i];
		}
		T& operator[](size_t i) const
		{
			return _start[i];
		}

		size_t size() const
		{
			return _finish - _start;
		}
		size_t capacity() const
		{
			return _endofstorage - _start;
		}

		bool empty() const
		{
			return (_finish - _start == 0);
		}


	private:
		iterator _start;
		iterator _finish;
		iterator _endofstorage;
	};
}

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