在集合操作中,常常离不开对集合的遍历,对集合遍历一般来说一个foreach就搞定了,但是,对于Stack、Queue、Map类型的遍历,还是有一些讲究的。
最近看了一些代码,在便利Map时候,惨不忍睹,还有一些是遍历错误,忽略了队列、栈与普通Collection的差别导致的,这些代码就不作为反面教材了。
下面是常用的写法:
一、Map的遍历
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Map的遍历,这个遍历比较特殊,有技巧
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-7-22 15:15:34
*/
public class TestMap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put( "1", "a");
map.put( "2", "b");
map.put( "3", "c");
//最简洁、最通用的遍历方式
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());
}
//Java5之前的比较简洁的便利方式1
System.out.println( "----1----");
for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it = map.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());
}
//Java5之前的比较简洁的便利方式2
System.out.println( "----2----");
for (Iterator<String> it = map.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String key = it.next();
System.out.println(key + " = " + map.get(key));
}
}
}
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Map的遍历,这个遍历比较特殊,有技巧
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-7-22 15:15:34
*/
public class TestMap {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put( "1", "a");
map.put( "2", "b");
map.put( "3", "c");
//最简洁、最通用的遍历方式
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());
}
//Java5之前的比较简洁的便利方式1
System.out.println( "----1----");
for (Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> it = map.entrySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
Map.Entry<String, String> entry = it.next();
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " = " + entry.getValue());
}
//Java5之前的比较简洁的便利方式2
System.out.println( "----2----");
for (Iterator<String> it = map.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String key = it.next();
System.out.println(key + " = " + map.get(key));
}
}
}
3 = c
2 = b
1 = a
----1----
3 = c
2 = b
1 = a
----2----
3 = c
2 = b
1 = a
Process finished with exit code 0
2 = b
1 = a
----1----
3 = c
2 = b
1 = a
----2----
3 = c
2 = b
1 = a
Process finished with exit code 0
二、Queue的遍历
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
/**
* 队列的遍历
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-7-22 15:05:14
*/
public class TestQueue {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>();
//初始化队列
for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
q.offer(i);
}
System.out.println( "-------1-----");
//集合方式遍历,元素不会被移除
for (Integer x : q) {
System.out.println(x);
}
System.out.println( "-------2-----");
//队列方式遍历,元素逐个被移除
while (q.peek() != null) {
System.out.println(q.poll());
}
}
}
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
/**
* 队列的遍历
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-7-22 15:05:14
*/
public class TestQueue {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>();
//初始化队列
for ( int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
q.offer(i);
}
System.out.println( "-------1-----");
//集合方式遍历,元素不会被移除
for (Integer x : q) {
System.out.println(x);
}
System.out.println( "-------2-----");
//队列方式遍历,元素逐个被移除
while (q.peek() != null) {
System.out.println(q.poll());
}
}
}
-------1-----
0
1
2
3
4
-------2-----
0
1
2
3
4
Process finished with exit code 0
0
1
2
3
4
-------2-----
0
1
2
3
4
Process finished with exit code 0
三、Stack的遍历
import java.util.Stack;
/**
* 栈的遍历
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-7-22 14:55:20
*/
public class TestStack {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<Integer>();
for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
s.push(i);
}
//集合遍历方式
for (Integer x : s) {
System.out.println(x);
}
System.out.println( "------1-----");
//栈弹出遍历方式
// while (s.peek()!=null) { //不健壮的判断方式,容易抛异常,正确写法是下面的
while (!s.empty()) {
System.out.println(s.pop());
}
System.out.println( "------2-----");
//错误的遍历方式
// for (Integer x : s) {
// System.out.println(s.pop());
// }
}
}
/**
* 栈的遍历
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-7-22 14:55:20
*/
public class TestStack {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Stack<Integer> s = new Stack<Integer>();
for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
s.push(i);
}
//集合遍历方式
for (Integer x : s) {
System.out.println(x);
}
System.out.println( "------1-----");
//栈弹出遍历方式
// while (s.peek()!=null) { //不健壮的判断方式,容易抛异常,正确写法是下面的
while (!s.empty()) {
System.out.println(s.pop());
}
System.out.println( "------2-----");
//错误的遍历方式
// for (Integer x : s) {
// System.out.println(s.pop());
// }
}
}
0
1
2
3
4
------1-----
4
3
2
1
0
------2-----
Process finished with exit code 0
1
2
3
4
------1-----
4
3
2
1
0
------2-----
Process finished with exit code 0
在遍历集合时候,优先考虑使用foreach语句来做,这样代码更简洁些。
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