Android如何捕获应用的crash信息

转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/fishle123/article/details/50823358

我们的应用不可避免的会发生crash，如果是在调试阶段，我们可以使用Logcat查看异常信息。但是如果应用发布之后呢？如果在用户那边crash了，如果我们可以捕获这些crash信息，那么对我们定位crash原因并修复问题是很有帮助的。应用crash即可能是Java层的异常导致的，也可能是native层导致，下面分别来看一下该如何处理。

1 Java层的未捕获异常处理

先来看一下Java层的crash信息收集吧。要想捕获Java层的crash信息并不难，Android已经提供了接口来帮助我们监控系统的未捕获的异常：使用Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler就可以让我们轻松的监控应用的任何意外crash。

首先来看一下Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler这个方法：

/**
 * Sets the default uncaught exception handler. This handler is invoked in
 * case any Thread dies due to an unhandled exception.
 *
 * @param handler
 *            The handler to set or null.
 */
public static void setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(UncaughtExceptionHandler handler) {
    Thread.defaultUncaughtHandler = handler;
}

从Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler这个方法的注释就可以看到：当进程内（因为Thread.defaultUncaughtHandler 是一个静态变量，因此对整个进程内的所有线程有效）的任何线程发生未捕获异常时，会调用这里设置的handler。那我们看一下UncaughtExceptionHandler 这个类吧：

/**
 * Implemented by objects that want to handle cases where a thread is being
 * terminated by an uncaught exception. Upon such termination, the handler
 * is notified of the terminating thread and causal exception. If there is
 * no explicit handler set then the thread's group is the default handler.
 */
public static interface UncaughtExceptionHandler {
    /**
     * The thread is being terminated by an uncaught exception. Further
     * exceptions thrown in this method are prevent the remainder of the
     * method from executing, but are otherwise ignored.
     *
     * @param thread the thread that has an uncaught exception
     * @param ex the exception that was thrown
     */
    void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex);
}

从源码可以看出，UncaughtExceptionHandler 其实是一个接口，它只定义了一个方法uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex)，当线程因为遇到未捕获异常而终止的时候就会调用这个方法。

如果我们想要捕获应用的crash信息，那么定义一个自己的UncaughtExceptionHandler 就可以，当然我们需要在自己的UncaughtExceptionHandler 里面把crash信息保存起来，必要的时候还可以上传到我们的服务器，这样就可以很方便的收集用户的crash信息。

2 native层的异常处理

如果我们的应用使用到c/c++，那么也需要收集native层的异常处理。大家都知道，Android的底层是基于Linux的，那么native层的未捕获异常就可以通过捕获信号来处理了。Native层如果异常终止会发出SIGKILL信号，我们可以使用sigaaction来注册一个信号处理函数来处理SIGKILL信号，这样就可以收集到native层的未捕获异常了。这里给出一个大概的代码框架：

void sigkill_handler(int signo){
   //打印堆栈，并写入到文件中
}
void install(){
    struct sigaction act, oldact;
    act.sa_handler = sigkill_handler;
    sigaddset(&act.sa_mask, SIGKILL);

    sigaction(SIGKILL, &act, &oldact);//注册信号处理函数
    ......
}

3 实现

结合上面的介绍，下面就来定义一个自己的UncaughtExceptionHandler ，这个例子只处理了Java层的crash收集，并把收集到的crash信息保存到sd卡上。这里给我们自定义的crash处理器起了一个名字叫做AppCR(Application Crash Response)。

首先定义ErrorReporter ，它实现了UncaughtExceptionHandler ：

public class ErrorReporter implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {

    private final Application mContext;
    private final ReporterExecutor mReporterExecutor;

    ErrorReporter(Application context, boolean enabled) {
        mContext = context;

        final Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler defaultExceptionHandler = Thread
                .getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();
        mReporterExecutor = new ReporterExecutor(context, defaultExceptionHandler);
        mReporterExecutor.setEnabled(enabled);
        Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void uncaughtException(final Thread thread,final Throwable ex) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        LogUtil.i(AppCR.LOG_TAG,"catch uncaughtException");

        mReporterExecutor.execute(thread, ex);
    }

    public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        LogUtil.i(AppCR.LOG_TAG, "AppCR is" + (enabled ? "enabled" : "disabled") + " for "
                + mContext.getPackageName());
    }
}

ReporterExecutor会调用Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);来修改默认的UncaughtExceptionHandler。当发生未捕获的异常时，调用mReporterExecutor.execute(thread, ex);来处理异常。

ReporterExecutor 中把异常信息以及操作系统的相关信息保存到文件中。

public class ReporterExecutor {

    public static final String TAG = ReporterExecutor.class.getSimpleName();
    private Context mContext;
    private boolean mEnabled = false;
    private final Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler mDefaultExceptionHandler;
    private File mCrashInfoFile;

    public ReporterExecutor(Context context,
                            Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler defaultedExceptionHandler) {

        mContext = context;
        mDefaultExceptionHandler = defaultedExceptionHandler;

        if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(Environment.getExternalStorageState())) {
            File path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();
            File dir = new File(path, "BleFairy");
            if (!dir.exists()) {
                dir.mkdirs();
            }

            mCrashInfoFile = new File(dir, getCrashFileName());
            if (!mCrashInfoFile.exists()) {
                try {
                    mCrashInfoFile.createNewFile();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public boolean isEnabled() {
        return mEnabled;
    }

    public void setEnabled(boolean enabled) {
        mEnabled = enabled;
    }

    public void execute(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {

        if (!mEnabled) {
            endApplication(thread, ex);
            return;
        }

        // log crash info to file
        Log.w(AppCR.LOG_TAG, "getSysInfo.");
        CrashReportData data = CrashReportData.produce(thread, ex, mContext);
        data.writeToFile(mCrashInfoFile);
        endApplication(thread, ex);
       
    }

    private void endApplication(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {

        if (mDefaultExceptionHandler != null) {
            Log.w(AppCR.LOG_TAG, "execute default uncaughtException handler.");
            mDefaultExceptionHandler.uncaughtException(thread, ex);
        } else {
            Log.w(AppCR.LOG_TAG, "kill process and exit.");
            android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());
            System.exit(10);
        }
    }

    private String getCrashFileName() {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
        Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();

        ret.append("crash_");
        ret.append(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR));
        int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1;
        int date = calendar.get(Calendar.DATE);
        if(month < 10 ){
            ret.append("0");
        }
        ret.append(month);
        if(date<10){
            ret.append("0");
        }
        ret.append(date);
        ret.append(".txt");
        return ret.toString();
    }
}

CrashReportData 类用于保存异常信息：

public class CrashReportData {

    private final String info;

    private CrashReportData(String crashInfo) {
        this.info = crashInfo;
    }

    public static CrashReportData produce(Thread thread, Throwable ex, Context context) {

        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        PrintStream print = new PrintStream(out);
        out.toString();

        print.append("crahtime:" + TimeUtil.getCurTimeString()).append("\n");
        print.append(SysInfo.getSysInfo(context)).append("\n");
        print.append(thread.getName()).append("(threadID=" + thread.getId() + ")").append("\n");
        print.append(ex.getMessage()).append("\n");
        ex.printStackTrace(print);

        return new CrashReportData(out.toString());
    }

    public void writeToFile(File file) {
        PrintWriter printer = null;
        try {

            // append to the end of crash file
            BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file, true));
            printer = new PrintWriter(out);
            printer.println(info);
            printer.flush();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            if (printer != null) {
                printer.close();
            }
            LogUtil.w(AppCR.LOG_TAG, "write exception info to file over.");

        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return info;
        // return super.toString();
    }

}

 SysIno类：

public class SysInfo {

    public static String getSysInfo(Context context) {
        StringBuilder info = new StringBuilder();
        info.append("osVersion=Android ").append(Build.VERSION.RELEASE).append("\n");
        info.append("model=").append(Build.MODEL).append("\n");
        info.append("brand=").append(Build.BRAND).append("\n");

        LogUtil.i(AppCR.LOG_TAG, "sys info collect over.");
        return info.toString();
    }

}

使用AppCR来安装我们的crash处理器:

public class AppCR {
    public static final String LOG_TAG=AppCR.class.getSimpleName();
    private static ErrorReporter mErrorReporter;

    public static void init(Application application){
        init(application,true);
    }

    public static void init(Application application,boolean enabled){
        mErrorReporter = new ErrorReporter(application, enabled);
    }
}

Application中安装上面自定义的AppCR就可以了：

public class BeaconApplication extends Application {

    private final String TAG = "BeaconFairy.BeaconApplication";
    

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        AppCR.init(this,true);
    }

}

需要注意的是：我们需要定义自己的Application，然后修改manifest就可以啦，还要记得加上写SD卡的权限：

<application
        android:name=".BeaconApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:allowTaskReparenting="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
         ........
</application>

申请写SD卡的权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

到此为止，我们自定义的crash信息收集程序AppCR就完成了。