Spring中的字符编码过滤器（CharacterEncodingFilter）

Spring中的字符编码过滤器（CharacterEncodingFilter），可以很方便的为我们解决项目中出现的中文乱码问题；
使用方法也很简单，只需在web.xml文件中配置一下该过滤器，设置两个参数（encoding和forceEncoding）即可。

	<!-- 配置字符编码过滤器，编码格式设为UTF-8，避免中文乱码 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
			<param-value>true</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

以下是Spring字符编码过滤器的源码：

/*
 * Copyright 2002-2007 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.web.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet 2.3/2.4 Filter that allows one to specify a character encoding for
 * requests. This is useful because current browsers typically do not set a
 * character encoding even if specified in the HTML page or form.
 *  Servlet 2.3/2.4 Filter允许为requests指定字符编码。
 *  这很有用，因为目前的浏览器通常不设置字符编码，虽然在HTML页面或表单中指定了。
 * <p>This filter can either apply its encoding if the request does not
 * already specify an encoding, or enforce this filter's encoding in any case
 * ("forceEncoding"="true"). In the latter case, the encoding will also be
 * applied as default response encoding on Servlet 2.4+ containers (although
 * this will usually be overridden by a full content type set in the view).
 *  这个过滤器，既可以在request没指定编码的情况下，应用其编码；
 *  也可以在任何情况下，强制应用其编码(“forceEncoding”= " true ")。
 *  在后一种情况下，在Servlet2.4以上的容器中，编码也会作为response的默认编码。
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 15.03.2004
 * @see #setEncoding
 * @see #setForceEncoding
 * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#setCharacterEncoding
 * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse#setCharacterEncoding
 */
public class CharacterEncodingFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
	private String encoding;
	private boolean forceEncoding = false;

	/**
	 * Set the encoding to use for requests. This encoding will be passed into a
	 * {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#setCharacterEncoding} call.
         *  设置编码为request使用。这个编码将被传递给
         *  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#setCharacterEncoding调用。
	 * <p>Whether this encoding will override existing request encodings
	 * (and whether it will be applied as default response encoding as well)
	 * depends on the {@link #setForceEncoding "forceEncoding"} flag.
         *  这个编码是否覆盖现有请求编码（以及是否会被应用为默认响应编码）取决于“forceEncoding”的设置。
	 */
	public void setEncoding(String encoding) {
		this.encoding = encoding;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether the configured {@link #setEncoding encoding} of this filter
	 * is supposed to override existing request and response encodings.
         * 设置该过滤器的encoding配置是否应该覆盖现有的请求和响应编码。
	 * <p>Default is "false", i.e. do not modify the encoding if
	 * {@link javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#getCharacterEncoding()}
	 * returns a non-null value. Switch this to "true" to enforce the specified
	 * encoding in any case, applying it as default response encoding as well.
         *  默认是“false”，即当javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest#getCharacterEncoding()
         *  返回非空值时，不修改编码。将它切换到“true”，在任何情况下，都强制使用指定的编码，
         *  也将它作为默认响应编码。
	 * <p>Note that the response encoding will only be set on Servlet 2.4+
	 * containers, since Servlet 2.3 did not provide a facility for setting
	 * a default response encoding.
         *  注意，响应编码只能在Servlet 2.4以上才会被设置，
         *  因为Servlet 2.3没有提供一个工具来设置一个默认的响应编码。
	 */
	public void setForceEncoding(boolean forceEncoding) {
		this.forceEncoding = forceEncoding;
	}

	@Override
	protected void doFilterInternal(
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		if (this.encoding != null && (this.forceEncoding || request.getCharacterEncoding() == null)) {
			request.setCharacterEncoding(this.encoding);
			if (this.forceEncoding) {
				response.setCharacterEncoding(this.encoding);
			}
		}
		filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
	}
}