关于视频YUV

这里有一篇摘自MSDN的文章，介绍了YUV视频数据格式。

About YUV Video

Digital video is often encoded in a YUV format. This article explains the general concepts of YUV video, along with some terminology, without going deeply into the mathematics of YUV video processing.

If you have worked with computer graphics, you are probably familiar with RGB color. An RGB color is encoded using three values: red, green, and blue. These values correspond directly to portions of the visible spectrum. The three RGB values form a mathematical coordinate system, called a color space. The red component defines one axis of this coordinate system, blue defines the second, and green defines the third, as shown in the following illustration. Any valid RGB color falls somewhere within this color space. For example, pure magenta is 100% blue, 100% red, and 0% green.

Although RGB is a common way to represent colors, other coordinate systems are possible. The term YUV refers to a family of color spaces, all of which encode brightness information separately from color information. Like RGB, YUV uses three values to represent any color. These values are termed Y', U, and V. (In fact, this use of the term "YUV" is technically inaccurate. In computer video, the term YUV almost always refers to one particular color space named Y'CbCr, discussed later. However, YUV is often used as a general term for any color space that works along the same principles as Y'CbCr.)

The Y' component, also called luma, represents the brightness value of the color. The prime symbol (') is used to differentiate luma from a closely related value, luminance, which is designated Y. Luminance is derived from linear RGB values, whereas luma is derived from non-linear (gamma-corrected) RGB values. Luminance is a closer measure of true brightness but luma is more practical to use for technical reasons. The prime symbol is frequently omitted, but YUV color spaces always use luma, not luminance.

Luma is derived from an RGB color by taking a weighted average of the red, green, and blue components. For standard-definition television, the following formula is used:

Y' = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B

This formula reflects the fact that the human eye is more sensitive to certain wavelengths of light than others, which affects the perceived brightness of a color. Blue light appears dimmest, green appears brightest, and red is somewhere in between. This formula also reflects the physical characteristics of the phosphors used in early televisions. A newer formula, taking into account modern television technology, is used for high-definition television:

Y' = 0.2125R + 0.7154G + 0.0721B

The luma equation for standard-definition television is defined in a specification named ITU-R BT.601. For high-definition television, the relevant specification is ITU-R BT.709.

The U and V components, also called chroma values or color difference values, are derived by subtracting the Y value from the red and blue components of the original RGB color:

U = B - Y'

V = R - Y'

Together, these values contain enough information to recover the original RGB value.