本文详细解析了视频编码分辨率、存储需求及其选择原因，包括QCIF、CIF、HALFD1、D1等常见格式，以及DCIF作为更优解决方案的引入，对比了它们在监控领域的应用与特性。
QCIF full name Quarter common intermediate format. QCIF is commonly used standardized image format. In the H.323 protocol in the cluster, a video capture device provides the standard acquisition resolution. QCIF = 176 × 144 pixels.
CIF is commonly used standardized image format (Common Intermediate Format). In the H.323 protocol in the cluster, a video capture device provides the standard acquisition resolution. CIF = 352 × 288 pixels
CIF format has the following characteristics:
(1) Television images of the spatial resolution of home video systems (Video Home System, VHS) resolution, that is, 352 × 288.
(2) the use of non-interlaced scan (non-interlaced scan).
(3) use NTSC frame rate, the biggest television image frame rate to 30 000/1001 ≈29.97 Frame/ sec.
(4) use 1 / 2 horizontal resolution of the PAL, that is 288 lines.
(5) of brightness and two color signals (Y, Cb and Cr) components were encoded, and their range with the ITU-R BT.601. That is, black = 16, white = 235, the maximum is 240 color, the minimum is 16.
Here are five kinds of CIF image formats that the parameters. Parameters of the order as "image format of the brightness of a number of samples (dx) brightness sampling lines (dy) chroma sampling of a number of (dx / 2) chroma sampling lines (dy / 2)" .
sub-QCIF 128 × 96 64 48
QCIF 176 × 144 88 72
CIF 352 × 288 176 144
4CIF 704 × 576 352 288 (that is, we often say that the D1)
16CIF 1408 × 1152 704 576
Currently monitoring the main industry in the use of Qcif (176 × 144), CIF (352 × 288), HALF D1 (704 × 288), D1
(704 × 576) resolution, and so few, CIF video resolution is a resolution of the mainstream, most products are available CIF resolution. CIF resolution to accept the current market, there are four main reasons: 1, the digital video stream monitoring requirements can not be too high, 2, video transmission bandwidth is limited, 3, the use of HALF D1, D1 resolution can improve clarity, to meet high The quality requirements, but the high cost of the stream. At this stage, a large number of products D1, but market share is very small, 4, a CIF resolution, signal to noise ratio in more than 32 db, users are generally acceptable, but not ideal video image quality. At present the industry are trying to use HALF D1 to seek CIF, D1, the balance between. However, with the single hard drive capacity of 750 GB and 1000 GB, and most of the domestic DVR can be connected 8 1000 GB hard drive, it often D1 gradually become the mainstream.
What is QDCIF resolution ?
After study found that a more effective surveillance video encoding resolution (DCIF), its pixels to 528 × 384. DCIF-resolution video images is of dubious origin is surprising, even two HALF D1, the anti-interlaced transformation, the formation of a D1 (720 * 576), D1 border for treatment, a 4 CIF (704 × 576), 4CIF the level of 3 / 4 to narrow, vertical 2 / 3 narrowed, converted into 528 × 384.528 × 384 pixels of the CIF is precisely double the number of pixels, and often said to the 2 CIF (704 * 288) distinction, we call DOUBLE CIF, Referred to DCIF. Clearly, DCIF in horizontal and vertical directions, the more balanced than Half D1.
Why choose DCIF resolution ?
Digital control of digital surveillance products industry put forward two requests: First of all requested data is low, the system can ensure stability in a long time video and real-time network transmission; second request playback high-definition images to meet the requirements of the details. The DCIF resolution in the current hardware and software platform, can well meet the above two demands.
Half D1 resolution of some products have been used to solve the CIF resolution is not high enough and storage of high-D1, the high cost of the shortcomings. However, since he is only relative to the level of CIF resolution of the upgrade, improve the image quality is not particularly evident, but the code flow increased greatly.
After the large number of video signals for testing, based on the current video compression algorithm, DCIF resolution better than Half D1 CIF resolution is not high enough to resolve D1 and storage of high, high price of the shortcomings, and to resolve the CIF 4 CIF, in particular, In the rate between 512 Kbps, can be a stable high-quality images to meet our customers for higher image quality requirements for video coding to provide better choice.
CIF resolution is not high enough and storage of high-D1, the shortcomings of the high cost of resolution, static theory resolution playback of up to 360 TVline image quality, analog control over VHS tape recorder in the standard 280 TVline the image level, the Ministry of Public Security to Security Video industry standard secondary and tertiary projects require clarity, the vast majority of video surveillance to meet the requirements.
What is D1?
CCTV monitoring system to do this trip for a long time, we all thought that D1 is the hard drive recorders, video playback of the resolution, not the fact, D1 is a digital television system showed that the standard format, is divided into the following five requirements:
D1: 480i format (525 i): 720 × 480 (level of 480 lines, interlaced scanning), and NTSC analog TV the same clarity, the line frequency to 15.25 kHz, the equivalent of what we call the 4 CIF (720 × 576)
D2: 480P format (525 p): 720 × 480 (level of 480 lines, progressive scan), a D1 interlaced scanning to clear a lot, and progressive scan DVD format similar to the frequency of 31.5 kHz
D3: 1080i format (1125 i): 1920 × 1080 (the level of 1080 lines, interlaced scanning), the largest high-definition used to relax a resolution, a resolution of 1920 × 1080i/60Hz, to 33.75 kHz frequency trip
D4: 720p format (750 p): 1280 × 720 (level of 720 lines, progressive scan), although the resolution is lower than the D3, but because of progressive scan, the more people feel the market compared to 1080 I (actual successive 540 lines) Visual effects more clearly. But personal feeling, to the maximum resolution of 1920 × 1080 circumstances, D3 feeling more clearly than the D4, in particular the performance of the text, the resolution of 1280 × 720p/60Hz, line frequency to 45 kHz
D5: 1080p format (1125 p): 1920 × 1080 (the level of 1080 lines, progressive scan), the civilian high-definition video to the highest standards, a resolution of 1920 × 1080P/60Hz, line frequency to 67.5 KHZ.
D1 and D2 which is the general standard of the highest standard analog TV and can not be said of the high-definition, D3 of the 1080 i high-definition television standards is the basic criterion, it is compatible with 720 p format, and D5 of the 1080 P only on professional standards, Is not the civilian level, above the 60 HZ is only an ideal state of the field frequency, and the frequency of its line for 67.5 KHZ, there is no such Gaoxing frequency of television available, the actual professionals in the field of the 1080 P-only field 24HZ, 25HZ and 30 HZ.
Should be pointed out that the point is, D terminal is unique to the Japanese special interface, with almost no national TV this interface, is the largest color interface and color interface supports up to the D4, in theory certainly no HDMI (digital-only Signal, to support the 1080 P) the maximum clarity, but in the following 1920:1080 resolution on the TV, usually not very different.
Domestic mainstream hard drive recorders (DVR, Digital Video Recording) adopted resolution ? How to calculate hard drive capacity ?
Domestic mainstream hard drive recorder uses two types of resolution: CIF and 4 CIF (D1), is divided into two models.
DVR is a common Lu Shu Road, 2-, 4-way, 8, 9 Road, Route 12 and 16. The largest can connect eight 2000 GB hard drive, the total capacity of up to 1.6 TV (now available in the market continued to drive only the largest 1000 GB), CIF resolution, if adopted, usually calculated the hard disk video recorder hard drive capacity to 180 MB ~ 250MB / hour, Under normal circumstances value of 200 MB / hour if the resolution is D1 per hour video needs of hard drive capacity to 720 MB ~ 1000MB / hour, under normal circumstances in order to reduce the capacity of hard drives in accordance with 500 MB / hour, the frame-rate setting intelligent than 25 fps Less, the stream to a little less! I believe we can work out a full eight 500 GB hard drives of 16 video recorders can be a long bar
CIF is commonly used standardized image format (Common Intermediate Format). In the H.323 protocol in the cluster, a video capture device provides the standard acquisition resolution. CIF = 352 × 288 pixels
CIF format has the following characteristics:
(1) Television images of the spatial resolution of home video systems (Video Home System, VHS) resolution, that is, 352 × 288.
(2) the use of non-interlaced scan (non-interlaced scan).
(3) use NTSC frame rate, the biggest television image frame rate to 30 000/1001 ≈29.97 Frame/ sec.
(4) use 1 / 2 horizontal resolution of the PAL, that is 288 lines.
(5) of brightness and two color signals (Y, Cb and Cr) components were encoded, and their range with the ITU-R BT.601. That is, black = 16, white = 235, the maximum is 240 color, the minimum is 16.
Here are five kinds of CIF image formats that the parameters. Parameters of the order as "image format of the brightness of a number of samples (dx) brightness sampling lines (dy) chroma sampling of a number of (dx / 2) chroma sampling lines (dy / 2)" .
sub-QCIF 128 × 96 64 48
QCIF 176 × 144 88 72
CIF 352 × 288 176 144
4CIF 704 × 576 352 288 (that is, we often say that the D1)
16CIF 1408 × 1152 704 576
Currently monitoring the main industry in the use of Qcif (176 × 144), CIF (352 × 288), HALF D1 (704 × 288), D1
(704 × 576) resolution, and so few, CIF video resolution is a resolution of the mainstream, most products are available CIF resolution. CIF resolution to accept the current market, there are four main reasons: 1, the digital video stream monitoring requirements can not be too high, 2, video transmission bandwidth is limited, 3, the use of HALF D1, D1 resolution can improve clarity, to meet high The quality requirements, but the high cost of the stream. At this stage, a large number of products D1, but market share is very small, 4, a CIF resolution, signal to noise ratio in more than 32 db, users are generally acceptable, but not ideal video image quality. At present the industry are trying to use HALF D1 to seek CIF, D1, the balance between. However, with the single hard drive capacity of 750 GB and 1000 GB, and most of the domestic DVR can be connected 8 1000 GB hard drive, it often D1 gradually become the mainstream.
What is QDCIF resolution ?
After study found that a more effective surveillance video encoding resolution (DCIF), its pixels to 528 × 384. DCIF-resolution video images is of dubious origin is surprising, even two HALF D1, the anti-interlaced transformation, the formation of a D1 (720 * 576), D1 border for treatment, a 4 CIF (704 × 576), 4CIF the level of 3 / 4 to narrow, vertical 2 / 3 narrowed, converted into 528 × 384.528 × 384 pixels of the CIF is precisely double the number of pixels, and often said to the 2 CIF (704 * 288) distinction, we call DOUBLE CIF, Referred to DCIF. Clearly, DCIF in horizontal and vertical directions, the more balanced than Half D1.
Why choose DCIF resolution ?
Digital control of digital surveillance products industry put forward two requests: First of all requested data is low, the system can ensure stability in a long time video and real-time network transmission; second request playback high-definition images to meet the requirements of the details. The DCIF resolution in the current hardware and software platform, can well meet the above two demands.
Half D1 resolution of some products have been used to solve the CIF resolution is not high enough and storage of high-D1, the high cost of the shortcomings. However, since he is only relative to the level of CIF resolution of the upgrade, improve the image quality is not particularly evident, but the code flow increased greatly.
After the large number of video signals for testing, based on the current video compression algorithm, DCIF resolution better than Half D1 CIF resolution is not high enough to resolve D1 and storage of high, high price of the shortcomings, and to resolve the CIF 4 CIF, in particular, In the rate between 512 Kbps, can be a stable high-quality images to meet our customers for higher image quality requirements for video coding to provide better choice.
CIF resolution is not high enough and storage of high-D1, the shortcomings of the high cost of resolution, static theory resolution playback of up to 360 TVline image quality, analog control over VHS tape recorder in the standard 280 TVline the image level, the Ministry of Public Security to Security Video industry standard secondary and tertiary projects require clarity, the vast majority of video surveillance to meet the requirements.
What is D1?
CCTV monitoring system to do this trip for a long time, we all thought that D1 is the hard drive recorders, video playback of the resolution, not the fact, D1 is a digital television system showed that the standard format, is divided into the following five requirements:
D1: 480i format (525 i): 720 × 480 (level of 480 lines, interlaced scanning), and NTSC analog TV the same clarity, the line frequency to 15.25 kHz, the equivalent of what we call the 4 CIF (720 × 576)
D2: 480P format (525 p): 720 × 480 (level of 480 lines, progressive scan), a D1 interlaced scanning to clear a lot, and progressive scan DVD format similar to the frequency of 31.5 kHz
D3: 1080i format (1125 i): 1920 × 1080 (the level of 1080 lines, interlaced scanning), the largest high-definition used to relax a resolution, a resolution of 1920 × 1080i/60Hz, to 33.75 kHz frequency trip
D4: 720p format (750 p): 1280 × 720 (level of 720 lines, progressive scan), although the resolution is lower than the D3, but because of progressive scan, the more people feel the market compared to 1080 I (actual successive 540 lines) Visual effects more clearly. But personal feeling, to the maximum resolution of 1920 × 1080 circumstances, D3 feeling more clearly than the D4, in particular the performance of the text, the resolution of 1280 × 720p/60Hz, line frequency to 45 kHz
D5: 1080p format (1125 p): 1920 × 1080 (the level of 1080 lines, progressive scan), the civilian high-definition video to the highest standards, a resolution of 1920 × 1080P/60Hz, line frequency to 67.5 KHZ.
D1 and D2 which is the general standard of the highest standard analog TV and can not be said of the high-definition, D3 of the 1080 i high-definition television standards is the basic criterion, it is compatible with 720 p format, and D5 of the 1080 P only on professional standards, Is not the civilian level, above the 60 HZ is only an ideal state of the field frequency, and the frequency of its line for 67.5 KHZ, there is no such Gaoxing frequency of television available, the actual professionals in the field of the 1080 P-only field 24HZ, 25HZ and 30 HZ.
Should be pointed out that the point is, D terminal is unique to the Japanese special interface, with almost no national TV this interface, is the largest color interface and color interface supports up to the D4, in theory certainly no HDMI (digital-only Signal, to support the 1080 P) the maximum clarity, but in the following 1920:1080 resolution on the TV, usually not very different.
Domestic mainstream hard drive recorders (DVR, Digital Video Recording) adopted resolution ? How to calculate hard drive capacity ?
Domestic mainstream hard drive recorder uses two types of resolution: CIF and 4 CIF (D1), is divided into two models.
DVR is a common Lu Shu Road, 2-, 4-way, 8, 9 Road, Route 12 and 16. The largest can connect eight 2000 GB hard drive, the total capacity of up to 1.6 TV (now available in the market continued to drive only the largest 1000 GB), CIF resolution, if adopted, usually calculated the hard disk video recorder hard drive capacity to 180 MB ~ 250MB / hour, Under normal circumstances value of 200 MB / hour if the resolution is D1 per hour video needs of hard drive capacity to 720 MB ~ 1000MB / hour, under normal circumstances in order to reduce the capacity of hard drives in accordance with 500 MB / hour, the frame-rate setting intelligent than 25 fps Less, the stream to a little less! I believe we can work out a full eight 500 GB hard drives of 16 video recorders can be a long bar
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