图像边缘检测(Canny 算法)的Java实现

边缘检测算法的基本步骤
（1）滤波。边缘检测主要基于导数计算，但受噪声影响。但滤波器在降低噪声的同时也导致边缘强度的损失。 （2）增强。增强算法将邻域中灰度有显著变化的点突出显示。一般通过计算梯度幅值完成。
（3）检测。但在有些图象中梯度幅值较大的并不是边缘点。最简单的边缘检测是梯度幅值阈值判定。
（4）定位。精确确定边缘的位置。

Canny边缘检测算法
step1:用高斯滤波器平滑图象；
step2:用一阶偏导的有限差分来计算梯度的幅值和方向；
step3:对梯度幅值进行非极大值抑制；
step4:用双阈值算法检测和连接边缘。

效果图如下：

代码如下：

package tools;

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.image.*;

public class EdgeDetector extends Component {
    

        public EdgeDetector() {
    

               threshold1 = 50;

               threshold2 = 230;

               setThreshold(128);

               setWidGaussianKernel(15);

        }

        public void process() throws EdgeDetectorException {
    

               if (threshold < 0 || threshold > 255)

                       throw new EdgeDetectorException("The value of the threshold is out of its valid range.");

               if (widGaussianKernel < 3 || widGaussianKernel > 40)

                       throw new EdgeDetectorException("The value of the widGaussianKernel is out of its valid range.");

               width = sourceImage.getWidth(this);

               height = sourceImage.getHeight(this);

               picsize = width * height;

               data = new int[picsize];

               magnitude = new int[picsize];

               orientation = new int[picsize];

               float f = 1.0F;

               canny_core(f, widGaussianKernel);

               thresholding_tracker(threshold1, threshold2);

               for (int i = 0; i < picsize; i++)

                       if (data[i] > threshold)

                               data[i] = 0xff000000;

                       else

                               data[i] = -1;

               edgeImage = pixels2image(data);

               data = null;

               magnitude = null;

               orientation = null;

        }

        private void canny_core(float f, int i) {
    

               boolean flag = false;

               boolean flag1 = false;

               derivative_mag = new int[picsize];

               float af4[] = new float[i];

               float af5[] = new float[i];

               float af6[] = new float[i];

               data = image2pixels(sourceImage);

               int k4 = 0;

               do {
    

                       if (k4 >= i)

                               break;

                       float f1 = gaussian(k4, f);

                       if (f1 <= 0.005F && k4 >= 2)

                               break;

                       float f2 = gaussian((float) k4 - 0.5F, f);

                       float f3 = gaussian((float) k4 + 0.5F, f);

                       float f4 = gaussian(k4, f * 0.5F);

                       af4[k4] = (f1 + f2 + f3) / 3F / (6.283185F * f * f);

                       af5[k4] = f3 - f2;

                       af6[k4] = 1.6F * f4 - f1;

                       k4++;

               } while (true);

               int j = k4;

               float af[] = new float[picsize];