条款10：令operator = 返回一个reference to *this

条款10：operator = 返回一个reference to *this

看一个链式赋值语句

	string x, y, z;
	x = y = z = "My string";</span>

内部的实现是这样的

x.operator = (y.operator = (z.operator = ("My string")));</span>

我们自己来写一个string类的赋值函数

mystring.h

class Mystring
{
public:
	Mystring();
	~Mystring();

	Mystring(const char *str);
	Mystring(const Mystring & mystring);

	Mystring  operator = (const Mystring &mystring);
	Mystring & operator +=(const Mystring &mystring);
	Mystring operator + (const Mystring &mytring);
	Mystring substr(const size_t pos, const size_t size);
	size_t length() const;

	friend ostream& operator << (ostream &out, const Mystring &string);

private:
	int m_len;
	char *m_value;
};

mystring.cpp

<span style="font-family:SimSun;font-size:18px;">#include "mystring.h"

Mystring::Mystring()
{
	m_value = new char[1];
	*m_value = '\0';
	m_len = 0;
}

Mystring::~Mystring()
{
	if (m_value != NULL)
		delete m_value;
	m_value = NULL;
}

Mystring::Mystring(const char* str)
{
	if (str == NULL) {
		m_value = new char[1];
		*m_value = '\0';
		m_len = 0;
	} else {
		m_len = strlen(str);
		m_value = new char[m_len + 1];
		strcpy(m_value, str);	
	}
}

Mystring::Mystring(const Mystring &mystring)
{
	this->m_len = strlen(mystring.m_value);

	this->m_value = new char[m_len + 1];
	strcpy(this->m_value, mystring.m_value);
}

size_t Mystring::length() const
{
	return m_len;
}

Mystring & Mystring::operator = (const Mystring &mystring)
{
	if (this != &mystring) {
		delete this->m_value;

		this->m_len = mystring.length();
		this->m_value = new char[m_len + 1];
		strcpy(this->m_value, mystring.m_value);
	}

	return *this;
}

Mystring Mystring::operator + (const Mystring &mystring)
{
	Mystring temp;
	temp.m_value = new char[this->length() + mystring.length() + 1];
	strcpy(temp.m_value, this->m_value);
	strcat(temp.m_value, mystring.m_value);

	return temp;
}

Mystring & Mystring::operator +=(const Mystring &mystring)
{
	Mystring temp = *this;
	delete []this->m_value;

	this->m_value = new char[this->m_len + mystring.m_len + 1];
	strcpy(this->m_value, temp.m_value);
	strcat(this->m_value, mystring.m_value);

	return *this;
}

Mystring Mystring::substr(const size_t pos, const size_t size)
{
	Mystring temp;
	if (pos > m_len) {
		return temp;
	}

	char *p = this->m_value + pos;
	temp.m_value = new char[size + 1];
	strncpy(temp.m_value, p, size);
	*(temp.m_value + size) = '\0';

	return temp;
}

ostream& operator << (ostream &out, const Mystring &mystring)
{
	out<<mystring.m_value;
	return out;
}</span>

该篇讨论拷贝赋值函数=，为什么需要返回引用？？
便于使用链式赋值
    其实如果返回void型程序也是通过，但是不能实现x = y = z这种链式赋值
提高程序效率
    为什么要返回引用呢，返回值不也可以达到这种效果啊。return value的确可以实现链式赋值，而且结果是一样的。但是如果返回值程序执行是这样的：返回对象先调用拷贝构造函数初始化一个编译器生成的临时变量，返回后，又调用析构函数析构临时对象，加入一个类中含有很多这样的成员，这是一个很大的开销，而返回引用可以避免这些开销。

记住

   令赋值（assignment）操作符返回一个reference to *this