题目来源于杭电面向对象(C++)期末考试
1.编写程序:定义抽象基类Shape,由它派生出五个派生类:Circle(圆形)、Square(正方形)、Rectangle( 长方形)、Trapezoid (梯形)和Triangle (三角形),用虚函数分别计算各种图形的面积,并求出它们的和。要求用基类指针数组。使它的每一个元素指向一个派生类的对象。
注:主函数中定义如下对象
Circlecircle(12.6);
Square square(3.5);
Rectanglerectangle(4.5,8.4);
Trapezoid trapezoid(2.0,4.5,3.2);
Triangletriangle(4.5,8.4);解答:#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape //基类
{public:
virtual double area() const =0;
};
class Circle:public Shape //派生类:圆
{public:
Circle(double r):radius(r){}
virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;};
protected:
double radius;
};
class Square:public Shape//派生类:正方形
{public:
Square(double s):side(s){}
virtual double area() const {return side*side;}
protected:
double side;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape //派生类:矩形
{public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return width*height;}
protected:
double width,height;
};
class Trapezoid:public Shape //派生类:梯形
{public:
Trapezoid(double t,double b,double h):top(t),bottom(t),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*(top+bottom)*height;}
protected:
double top,bottom,height;
};
class Triangle:public Shape //派生类:三角形
{public:
Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*width*height;}
protected:
double width,height;
};
int main()
{
Circle circle(12.6);
Square square(3.5);
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4);
Trapezoid trapezoid(2.0,4.5,3.2);
Triangle triangle(4.5,8.4);
Shape *pt[5]={&circle,&square,&rectangle,&trapezoid,&triangle};
double areas=0.0;
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{ areas=areas+pt[i]->area();}
cout<<"totol of all areas="<<areas<<endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Shape //基类
{public:
virtual double area() const =0;
};
class Circle:public Shape //派生类:圆
{public:
Circle(double r):radius(r){}
virtual double area() const {return 3.14159*radius*radius;};
protected:
double radius;
};
class Square:public Shape//派生类:正方形
{public:
Square(double s):side(s){}
virtual double area() const {return side*side;}
protected:
double side;
};
class Rectangle:public Shape //派生类:矩形
{public:
Rectangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return width*height;}
protected:
double width,height;
};
class Trapezoid:public Shape //派生类:梯形
{public:
Trapezoid(double t,double b,double h):top(t),bottom(t),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*(top+bottom)*height;}
protected:
double top,bottom,height;
};
class Triangle:public Shape //派生类:三角形
{public:
Triangle(double w,double h):width(w),height(h){}
virtual double area() const {return 0.5*width*height;}
protected:
double width,height;
};
int main()
{
Circle circle(12.6);
Square square(3.5);
Rectangle rectangle(4.5,8.4);
Trapezoid trapezoid(2.0,4.5,3.2);
Triangle triangle(4.5,8.4);
Shape *pt[5]={&circle,&square,&rectangle,&trapezoid,&triangle};
double areas=0.0;
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
{ areas=areas+pt[i]->area();}
cout<<"totol of all areas="<<areas<<endl;
return 0;
}
抽象基类:类中必须有一个纯虚成员函数。
定义方法:virtual void m()=0;