SpringCloud使用Feign进行服务调用

- Spring Cloud Feign简介
Spring Cloud Feign也是一个基础工具类，它整合了Spring Cloud Ribbon和Spring Cloud Hystrix，除了提供这两者的强大功能以外，它还提供了一种声明式的Web服务客户端定义方式。使用它可以进行服务的消费，但是它的客户端负载平衡仍是通过Ribbon实现的

*- 使用Spring Cloud Feign
创建一个SpringBoot工程，作为服务调用方

• 1.pom.xml

  <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
  
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
      </dependency>
  
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
          <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
  

  spring-cloud-starter-feign加入了feign的依赖

• 2.启动类

  @EnableFeignClients
  @EnableDiscoveryClient
  @SpringBootApplication
  public class FeignConsumerApplication {
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          SpringApplication.run(FeignConsumerApplication.class, args);
      }
  }
  

  @EnableFeignClients：开启Spring Cloud Feign的支持功能

• 3.服务层

  @FeignClient("hello-service")
      public interface HelloService {
  
      @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", method = RequestMethod.GET)
      String hello();
  }
  

  @FeignClient(“hello-service”)：制定服务名来绑定服务、
  注：服务名不区分大小写
  @RequestMapping：指定调用服务中的具体方法

• 4.Controller层

  @Controller
  public class ConsumerController {
  
      @Autowired
      private HelloService helloService;
  
      @RequestMapping(value = "/feign-consumer", method = RequestMethod.GET)
      @ResponseBody
      public String helloConsumer() {
          return helloService.hello();
      }
  }
  

  在方法中调用这个绑定了hello-service服务接口的客户端向该服务发起/hello接口的调用

• 5.配置类

  server.port=9001
  
  spring.application.name=feign-consumer
  eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/
  

  启动程序以后，在浏览器中输入http://localhost:9001/feign-consumer出现下图：

  

- 提升使用，带参数的请求
在具体业务中的接口会比之前程序的复杂得多，这里介绍一下Feign对集中不同形式参数的绑定方法。有@RequestParam、@RequestHeader、@RequestBody

• 1.改造服务提供类的Service层，添加几个方法

  @RequestMapping(value = "/hello1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  @ResponseBody
  public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
      return "hello " + name;
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value = "/hello2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  @ResponseBody
  public User hello(@RequestHeader String name, @RequestHeader Integer age) {
      return new User(name, age);
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value = "/hello3", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  @ResponseBody
  public String hello(@RequestBody User user) {
      return "Hello " + user.getName() + ", " + user.getAge();
  }
  

• 2.添加一个javabean

  public class User {
      private String name;
      private Integer age;
  
      public User() {
      }
  
      public User(String name, Integer age) {
          this.name = name;
          this.age = age;
      }
  
      public String getName() {
          return name;
      }
  
      public void setName(String name) {
          this.name = name;
      }
  
      public Integer getAge() {
          return age;
      }
  
      public void setAge(Integer age) {
          this.age = age;
      }
  
      @Override
      public String toString() {
          return "User{" +
                  "name='" + name + '\'' +
                  ", age=" + age +
                  '}';
      }
  }
  

• 3.修改服务调用类的接口

  @RequestMapping(value = "/hello1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  String hello(@RequestParam("name") String name);
  
  @RequestMapping(value = "/hello2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
  User hello(@RequestHeader("name") String name, @RequestHeader("age") Integer age);
  
  @RequestMapping(value = "/hello3", method = RequestMethod.POST)
  String hello(@RequestBody User user);
  

  这里在定义各参数绑定时@RequestParam、@RequestHeader等可以指定参数名称的注解，但它们的value不能少，否则会报错，这和SpringMVC中有一点不同

• 4.在服务调用类Controller层添加一个测试的接口

   @RequestMapping(value = "/feign-consumer2", method = RequestMethod.GET)
      @ResponseBody
      public String helloConsumer2() {
          String s2 = helloService.hello("dayday");
          return s2;
      }
  

  启动以后访问浏览器：