Android 6.0 运行时权限处理

在  targetSdkVersion  23版本 以下,安装app,根据权限声明产生一个权限列表,用户只有同意全部权限后才能正常使用该app. 而在6.0以后，我们可以直接安装 而在6.0以后，我们可以直接安装,对不恰当的权限予以拒绝,

        Android权限机制一般分为两种:文件权限和运行时权限

                文件权限即Linux文件权限,在读写文件时进行声明,例如数据库的使用

  
  

   
   
    
    
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 11月 28 08:32 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 12月 18 09:18 boot
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 18 2012 cdrom
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root 4380 1月 4 19:28 dev
drwxr-xr-x 176 root root 12288 1月 4 19:01 etc
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 4月 16 2012 home
  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   

  
  

 Android运行时权限

         早期版本的app是可以运行在Android6.0 手机上的,如果应用的targetSdkVersion <23则仍按照以前的权限机制在安装应用时按列表给出,如果早期版本的app使用targetSdkVersion >23用户仍然有撤销,不赋予应用某个权限的权利,但这样,如果这个权限是这个应用中必要的重要权限就会报错,出现崩溃,或者部分功能无法使用.因此如果使用targetSdkVersion >23为避免该类现象的出现,我们需要在代码进行动态权限获取的处理,在程序使用某个功能时,我们先判断这个功能的权限是否得到允许,如果得到允许,则正常使用打开该功能,如果没有得到许可,则提示用户开启该权限.当然提示用户开启的权限是属于Dangerous Permissions,涉及到用户安全的一些权限,当然也有一些权限是常规权限,是不需要提示用户,系统是许可默认使用的.

As of API level 23, the following permissions are classified as PROTECTION_NORMAL:

     
     

      
      
       
       
ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
FLASHLIGHT
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
SET_ALARM
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
     
     
     
     

      
      

     
     

Dangerous Permissions:

 

    
    
group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
  permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
group:android.permission-group.PHONE
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
  permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
  permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
  permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
  permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL
group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
  permission:android.permission.CAMERA
group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
  permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
  permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
  permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
  permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
group:android.permission-group.SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
  permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
  permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
  permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

动态权限,提示用户获取到的权限都是一组一组的,当弹出权限对话框,得到用户许可后,该组权限就可以使用了

如何动态获取权限?

检查权限

//判断用户是否授予了所需权限
private boolean checkPermission(String permission) {
    //若配置了该权限，返回true
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
       // if (!ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permission)) {
            return false;
      //  }
    }
    return true;
}

请求权限

private void requestPermissions() {

        List<String> permissionsNeed = new ArrayList<>();

        if (!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)) {
            permissionsNeed.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        }

        if (permissionsNeed.size() > 0) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    permissionsNeed.toArray(new String[permissionsNeed.size()]),
                    REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS);
        } else {
            setCurrentFragment(mHomeTabIndexEnum);
        }

    }

权限请求回调处理

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case REQUEST_CODE_ASK_PERMISSIONS: {
            // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                    && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                // contacts-related task you need to do.

            } else {

                // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                // functionality that depends on this permission.
            }
            setCurrentFragment(mHomeTabIndexEnum);
            return;
        }

        // other 'case' lines to check for other
        // permissions this app might request
    }
}

最后附上两篇不错的博客和鸿洋封装了的权限请求

http://www.2cto.com/kf/201602/490454.html

http://www.2cto.com/kf/201604/498776.html

https://github.com/hongyangAndroid/MPermissions