Android自动化测试基础知识——UiAutomator--4.3以上（跨应用UI测试）

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-26 12:37:15 发布

jackron2014

最新推荐文章于 2020-11-26 12:37:15 发布

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使用UI Automator Viewer 进行元素定位

使用UI Automator Viewer 进行元素定位

UiAutomator API

UI Automator 测试框架提供了一个 UiDevice 类，用于在运行目标应用的设备上访问和执行操作。您可以调用其方法来访问设备属性，如当前屏幕方向或显示屏尺寸。UiDevice 类还可让您执行如下操作：

改变设备的旋转。
按硬件键，如“音量调高按钮”。
按返回、主屏幕或菜单按钮。
打开通知栏。
截取当前窗口的屏幕截图。

例如，要模拟按主屏幕按钮的操作，请调用 UiDevice.pressHome() 方法。

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/training/testing/ui-automator

UiCollection：枚举容器的界面元素，目的是为了计数，或者按可见文本或内容说明属性来定位子元素。
UiObject：表示设备上可见的界面元素。
UiScrollable：支持搜索可滚动界面容器中的项目。
UiSelector：表示对设备上的一个或多个目标界面元素的查询。
Configurator：可让您设置用于运行 UI Automator 测试的关键参数。

UiDevice

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/UiDevice

Public methods
`void`	`clearLastTraversedText()` Clears the text from the last UI traversal event.
`boolean`	`click(int x, int y)` Perform a click at arbitrary coordinates specified by the user
`boolean`	`drag(int startX, int startY, int endX, int endY, int steps)` Performs a swipe from one coordinate to another coordinate.
`void`	`dumpWindowHierarchy(File dest)` Dump the current window hierarchy to a `File`.
`void`	`dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream out)` Dump the current window hierarchy to an `OutputStream`.
`void`	`dumpWindowHierarchy(String fileName)` This method is deprecated. Use `dumpWindowHierarchy(File)` or `dumpWindowHierarchy(OutputStream)` instead.
`UiObject`	`findObject(UiSelector selector)` Returns a UiObject which represents a view that matches the specified selector criteria.
`UiObject2`	`findObject(BySelector selector)` Returns the first object to match the `selector` criteria, or null if no matching objects are found.
`List<UiObject2>`	`findObjects(BySelector selector)` Returns all objects that match the `selector` criteria.
`void`	`freezeRotation()` Disables the sensors and freezes the device rotation at its current rotation state.
`String`	`getCurrentActivityName()` This method is deprecated. The results returned should be considered unreliable
`String`	`getCurrentPackageName()` Retrieves the name of the last package to report accessibility events.

Uiselector

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/UiSelector.html

`UiSelector`	`packageName(String name)` Set the search criteria to match the package name of the application that contains the widget.
`UiSelector`	`packageNameMatches(String regex)` Set the search criteria to match the package name of the application that contains the widget.
`UiSelector`	`resourceId(String id)` Set the search criteria to match the given resource ID.
`UiSelector`	`resourceIdMatches(String regex)` Set the search criteria to match the resource ID of the widget, using a regular expression.
`UiSelector`	`scrollable(boolean val)` Set the search criteria to match widgets that are scrollable.
`UiSelector`	`selected(boolean val)` Set the search criteria to match widgets that are currently selected.
`UiSelector`	`text(String text)` Set the search criteria to match the visible text displayed in a widget (for example, the text label to launch an app).
`UiSelector`	`textContains(String text)` Set the search criteria to match the visible text in a widget where the visible text must contain the string in your input argument.
`UiSelector`	`textMatches(String regex)` Set the search criteria to match the visible text displayed in a layout element, using a regular expression.
`UiSelector`	`textStartsWith(String text)` Set the search criteria to match visible text in a widget that is prefixed by the text parameter.
`String`	`toString()`

UiObject

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/UiObject.html

Public methods
`void`	`clearTextField()` Clears the existing text contents in an editable field.
`boolean`	`click()` Performs a click at the center of the visible bounds of the UI element represented by this UiObject.
`boolean`	`clickAndWaitForNewWindow()` Waits for window transitions that would typically take longer than the usual default timeouts.
`boolean`	`clickAndWaitForNewWindow(long timeout)` Performs a click at the center of the visible bounds of the UI element represented by this UiObject and waits for window transitions.
`boolean`	`clickBottomRight()` Clicks the bottom and right corner of the UI element
`boolean`	`clickTopLeft()` Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element
`boolean`	`dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps)` Drags this object to a destination UiObject.
`boolean`	`dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps)` Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates.
`boolean`	`exists()` Check if view exists.
`Rect`	`getBounds()` Returns the view's `bounds` property.
`UiObject`	`getChild(UiSelector selector)` Creates a new UiObject for a child view that is under the present UiObject.
`int`	`getChildCount()` Counts the child views immediately under the present UiObject.
`String`	`getClassName()` Retrieves the `className` property of the UI element.
`String`	`getContentDescription()` Reads the `content_desc` property of the UI element
`UiObject`	`getFromParent(UiSelector selector)` Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject.
`String`	`getPackageName()` Reads the view's `package` property
`final UiSelector`	`getSelector()` Debugging helper.
`String`	`getText()` Reads the `text` property of the UI element

UiCollection

`boolean`	`clickTopLeft()` Clicks the top and left corner of the UI element
`boolean`	`dragTo(UiObject destObj, int steps)` Drags this object to a destination UiObject.
`boolean`	`dragTo(int destX, int destY, int steps)` Drags this object to arbitrary coordinates.
`boolean`	`exists()` Check if view exists.
`Rect`	`getBounds()` Returns the view's `bounds` property.
`UiObject`	`getChild(UiSelector selector)` Creates a new UiObject for a child view that is under the present UiObject.
`int`	`getChildCount()` Counts the child views immediately under the present UiObject.
`String`	`getClassName()` Retrieves the `className` property of the UI element.
`String`	`getContentDescription()` Reads the `content_desc` property of the UI element
`UiObject`	`getFromParent(UiSelector selector)` Creates a new UiObject for a sibling view or a child of the sibling view, relative to the present UiObject.
`String`	`getPackageName()` Reads the view's `package` property
`final UiSelector`	`getSelector()` Debugging helper.
`String`	`getText()` Reads the `text` property of the UI element

UiScrollable

来源： https://developer.android.google.cn/reference/androidx/test/uiautomator/UiScrollable.html

`boolean`	`scrollBackward()` Performs a backward scroll with the default number of scroll steps (55).
`boolean`	`scrollDescriptionIntoView(String text)` Performs a forward scroll action on the scrollable layout element until the content-description is found, or until swipe attempts have been exhausted.
`boolean`	`scrollForward(int steps)` Performs a forward scroll.
`boolean`	`scrollForward()` Performs a forward scroll with the default number of scroll steps (55).
`boolean`	`scrollIntoView(UiObject obj)` Perform a forward scroll action to move through the scrollable layout element until a visible item that matches the `UiObject` is found.
`boolean`	`scrollIntoView(UiSelector selector)` Perform a scroll forward action to move through the scrollable layout element until a visible item that matches the selector is found.
`boolean`	`scrollTextIntoView(String text)` Performs a forward scroll action on the scrollable layout element until the text you provided is visible, or until swipe attempts have been exhausted.
`boolean`	`scrollToBeginning(int maxSwipes)` Scrolls to the beginning of a scrollable layout element.
`boolean`	`scrollToBeginning(int maxSwipes, int steps)` Scrolls to the beginning of a scrollable layout element.
`boolean`	`scrollToEnd(int maxSwipes)` Scrolls to the end of a scrollable layout element.
`boolean`	`scrollToEnd(int maxSwipes, int steps)` Scrolls to the end of a scrollable layout element.
`UiScrollable`	`setAsHorizontalList()` Set the direction of swipes to be horizontal when performing scroll actions.
`UiScrollable`	`setAsVerticalList()` Set the direction of swipes to be vertical when performing scroll actions.