巧用GetShortPathName解决带Unicode字符路径在非Unicode程序里的无法访问的问题

一、问题描述

在很多旧的项目和开源的项目中，路径都是char数组或char指针类型，而不是TCHAR或WCHAR，导致无法正常访问带有Unicode字符的路径，如在中文操作系统中路径带有韩文时，C:/한국 막대기/test.txt，将此路径转换为ANSI字符就变成了C:/?????/test.txt，导致无法访问。

二、解决问题的方法

使用8.3短文件路径可以解决这个问题，在控制台里输入dir /X可以得到短文件路径，上面的文件路径则变成C:/F6D5~1/test.txt，与C:/한국 막대기/test.txt等同，这个路径可以被非Unicode程序直接访问。

三、具体实现

那么怎么得到长路径的8.3短路径呢，那就得使用Windows API GetShortPathName，msdn里的描述如下：

The GetShortPathName function retrieves the short path form of the specified path.

DWORD GetShortPathName( LPCTSTR lpszLongPath , LPTSTR lpszShortPath , DWORD cchBuffer );

Parameters

lpszLongPath

[in] Pointer to a null-terminated path string. The function retrieves the short form of this path.

In the ANSI version of this function, the name is limited to MAX_PATH characters. To extend this limit to 32,767 wide characters, call the Unicode version of the function and prepend "//?/" to the path. For more information, see Naming a File.

Windows Me/98/95:  This string must not exceed MAX_PATH characters.

lpszShortPath

[out] Pointer to a buffer to receive the null-terminated short form of the path specified by lpszLongPath .

cchBuffer

[in] Size of the buffer pointed to by lpszShortPath , in TCHARs .

测试代码如下:

void CTestPathDlg::OnBnClickedButtonTest() { CFileDialog dlg(TRUE); if (dlg.DoModal() == IDOK) { USES_CONVERSION; CString strLongPathName = dlg.GetPathName(); // 文件路径 LPCSTR lpszAnsiLongPathName = T2CA(strLongPathName); // 转换为ANSI路径 // 转换为8.3短路径 TCHAR szShortPathName[MAX_PATH] = {0}; ::GetShortPathName(strLongPathName, szShortPathName, MAX_PATH); LPCSTR lpszAnsiShortPathName = T2CA(szShortPathName); // 转换为ANSI路径 // 结果字符串 TCHAR szMsg[MAX_PATH] = {0}; _stprintf(szMsg, _T("The long path unicode string is %s/n") _T("The ANSI long path %s is %s/n") _T("The ANSI short path %s is %s"), strLongPathName, A2CT(lpszAnsiLongPathName), ::PathFileExistsA(lpszAnsiLongPathName) ? _T("exists") : _T("no exists"), A2CT(lpszAnsiShortPathName), ::PathFileExistsA(lpszAnsiShortPathName) ? _T("exists"): _T("no exists")); AfxMessageBox(szMsg); } }

运行结果如下图：