通过一个例子了解MapReduce

写MapReduce程序的步骤：

1. 把问题转化为MapReduce模型；
2. 设置运行参数；
3. 写map类；
4. 写reduce类；

例子：统计单词个数

Map的任务是将内容用“ ”分开，然后每个都对应1，Reduce将相同的统计起来

1，Map端：一行行读文件，程序转化为中间Key/Value。每一个键值对调用一次map函数。

hello you hello me → hello 1,you 1,hello 1,me 1;

2，Reduce端：相同的Key肯定会在一起。经过Reduce方法处理后形成最终的Key/Value

hello 1,hello 1→hello 2；

写一个MapClass extends Mapper<keyin,valuein,keyout,valueout>类，实现map方法；

用java思想理解：

	//word.txt 内容(两行)
	//"hello you hello world	→hello 1, you 1,hello 1,world 1
	//hello me";				→hello 1,me 1	

	String str = "hello you hello world";
	//String[] strs=str.split(" ");//按空格划分
	//strs[0]=hello →map(key,1) →map(hello,1)

用MapReduce实现：

package mapreduce;

import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

public class MapClass extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
	//Mapper<KEYIN, VALUEIN, KEYOUT, VALUEOUT>
	//参数:Object,Text（和java的String一样）,Text，IntWritable（和java int一样）
	//Map的输出是Reduce的输入;
	
	public Text keyText = new Text("key");//相当于String ketText="key"
	public IntWritable intValue = new IntWritable(1);
	protected void map(Object key, Text value, Context context) throws java.io.IOException, InterruptedException {
		//获取值
		String str = value.toString();
		//默认空格分割
		StringTokenizer stringToKenizer = new StringTokenizer(str);

		while (stringToKenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
			keyText.set(stringToKenizer.nextToken());
			context.write(keyText, intValue);//context.write("My",1) //上下文
		}
	};

}

一个ReduceClass  extends Reducer< keyin,valuein,keyout,valueout >类；实现reduce方法：

package mapreduce;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.VLongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

public class ReduceClass extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
	//Reducer<KEYIN, VALUEIN, KEYOUT, VALUEOUT> 
	//Map的输出是Reduce的输入；

	public IntWritable intValue = new IntWritable(1);

	protected void reduce(Text key, java.lang.Iterable<IntWritable> values,//name [1,1]
			org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>.Context context) throws java.io.IOException, InterruptedException {
		int sum = 0;
		while (values.iterator().hasNext()) {
			sum += values.iterator().next().get();
		}
		intValue.set(sum);
		context.write(key, intValue);//上下文

	};

}

接下来写main测试，新建一个类WordCounter(其中的main拷贝源码例子中的main如下：

hadoop-1.1.2\src\examples\org\apache\hadoop\examples\WordCount.java

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Configuration conf = new Configuration();
    String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
    if (otherArgs.length != 2) {
      System.err.println("Usage: wordcount <in> <out>");
      System.exit(2);
    }
    Job job = new Job(conf, "word count");
    job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
    job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
    job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
    job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
    job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
    job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
    FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));
    FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[1]));
    System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
  }

WordCounter类

package mapreduce;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.partition.HashPartitioner;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;

public class WordCounter {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, ClassNotFoundException {
		Configuration conf = new Configuration();
		String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
		if (otherArgs.length != 2) {
			System.err.println("Usage: wordcount <in> <out>");
			System.exit(2);
		}
		Job job = new Job(conf, "word count");
		job.setJarByClass(WordCounter.class);//打包jar要写，执行的类：本类
		job.setMapperClass(MapClass.class);//MapClass类
		//job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
		job.setReducerClass(ReduceClass.class);//ReduceClass类
		job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);//输出的key类型
		job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);//输出的value类型
		FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));//输入参数
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[1]));//输出参数
		System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);

	}
}

完成后导出成jar包放到hadoop运行：

右击包名，Export，Java，JAR file 导出，拷贝到Linux桌面；

上传到hadoop： 记得打开java进程：start-all.sh

[root@hadoop Desktop]# hadoop fs -put mapreduceTest.jar /

新建一个文件：

root@hadoop Desktop]# vi wordTest.txt

内容：

hello you 
hello me 
hello world

将文件上传到hadoop：

[root@hadoop Desktop]# hadoop fs -put wordTest.txt /

运行：参数4:包名加类名；5上一步上传到的文件，6输出到哪里

[root@hadoop Desktop]# hadoop jar mapreduceTest.jar cn.mapreduce.WordCounter /wordTest.txt /outputTest

查看日志：(/part-r-00000是固定的)

[root@hadoop Desktop]# hadoop fs -text /outputTest/part-r-00000
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

hello	3
me	1
world	1
you	1

完成；